考研语法重点整理.docVIP

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考研语法重点整理

考研语法重点整理 一 词类(parts of speech) 十类:1)名词 表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称的词。名词可分为 ①专有名词(是个别的人、团体、地方、机构或事物的名称。其中实词的第一个字母必须大写) ②普通名词(某一类人、某一类事物、某种物质或抽象概念的名称。普通名词分为:类名词(人或事物属于某一类)、集体名词(一些人或物的总称)、物质名词(物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的实物). 类名词和集体名词一般是可数的;抽象名词、物质名词和专有名词一般是不可数的。 2)代词(pronoun)是用来代替名词的词。代词可分为七类:人称代词(主格 I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they 宾格 me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them )物主代词(形容词性my, your, his, her, its, our, their 名词性 mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs)反身代词(myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves)相互代词(each other,one another)指示代词(this, that, these,those, such, some)疑问代词 (who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever)关系代词(that, which, who, whom, whose, as)不定代词(ome,something,somebody,someone,any,anything,anybody,anyone,no,nothing,nobody,no one,every,everything,everybody,everyone,each,much,many,little,a little,few,a few,other,another,all,none,one,both,either,neither) 3)数词 是表示多少和第几的词, 数词与不定代词相似,其用法或者相当于形容词,或者相当于名词.分为基数词(多少)和序数词(表示顺序第几) 4)形容词 用来修饰名词, 5)副词 是修饰动词、形容词和副词的词( 时间副词 soon, now, early, finally, once, recently地点副词 here, nearby, outside, upwards, above方式副词 hard, well, fast, slowly, excitedly, really程度副词 almost, nearly, very, fairly, quite, rather 频度副词 always, often, frequently, seldom, never疑问副词 how, where, when, why连接副词 how, when, where, why, whether, however, meanwhile关系副词 when, where, why) 注意:形容词和副词的比较级和最高级。比较级和最高级的构成一般是在形容词和副词后加-er和-est,多音节和一些双音节词前加more 和most。(1同级比较时常常用 as…as…以及not so(as)…as…如:I am not so good a player as you are.2 可以修饰比较级的词有:much, many, a lot, even, far, a bit, a little, still, yet, by far, any, a great deal。3. 表示一方随另一方变化时用“the more…the more…”句型。4. 用比较级来表达最高级的意思。如:I have never spent a more worrying day.5. 表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型:Our school is three times larger than yours./Our school is four times as large as yours./Our school is four times the size of yours. 6. 表示“最高程度“的形容词没有最高级和比较级。如:favourite, excellent, extreme, perfect。) 6)动词 表示动作或状态。动词有时态(16种)、语态、语气等形式上的变化。动词的四种基本形式:动词原形,过去式, 过去分词和现在分词,这四种形式和助动词一起构成动词的时态

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