新编现代化工英语.doc

Contents PART I ABC of Chemistry 2 1 The history of chemistry 2 2. The Work of Chemists 3 3 Elements 3 4 Chemical Bonding 4 5 Organic Nomenclature 5 6. Lead Poisoning 6 7 Corrosion 7 PART II Chemical industry 8 8. What Are the Distinguishing Features of the Chemical Industry? 8 9. The Scope and Pattern of Chemical Production 10 10. The Production of Polymers 11 11 How Are Diamonds Synthesized? 12 12. Petroleum and Its Fractional Distillation 12 13. The Role of Fertilizers 14 14. Large-scale Synthetic Nitrogen Fixation 15 PART III Biochemistry 16 15. Chemistry and Health-a Natural Alliance 16 PART IV Environmental Protection 17 PART V Computer Chemical Engineering 17 1\5\8\9\14\ Word 课后New words 批注，需要延伸的 红色，课后notes PART I ABC of Chemistry 1 The history of chemistry Primitive man found out by trial an error how to carry out a certain number of simple chemical changes, but under the ancient Egyptian civilization men learned how to work copper, tin, iron and precious metals; knew how to make pottery, glass, soap and colouring agents, and how to bleach and dye textile fabrics. These arts were the beginnings of the chemical industries of today. 我们的祖先通过反复实验发现了一些简单的化学变化，但是那时的古埃及人就已经知道如何冶炼铜、锡、铁和贵金属，并且已经知道如何制作陶器、玻璃、肥皂、染料以及怎样漂白或给纺织品染色了。这些工艺就是今天化学工业的前身了。 The early scientific study of chemistry, known as alchemy, grew up in the first few centuries A. D. at Alexandria in Egypt. There two important things came together: one was the practical knowledge of the Egyptian workers in metals, pottery and dyes; the other was the learning of the earlier Greek philosophers, such as Hippocrates and Aristotle. At the same time alchemy was much influenced by ideas from the East about magic and astrology-foretelling the future from the stars. 早期科学的化学研究，被称为“alchemy”（炼金术），发源于公元几世纪的埃及亚利山大港。在这里有两件重要的事情汇聚到了一起：一件是此时埃及工人关于金属、陶器和染料的实践经验，另一个就是早期希腊哲学家的学识，比如希波拉底和亚里士多德。与此同时炼金术也受到了东方来的一些关于巫术、占星学——通过行星来预测未来，思想的影响。 Greek philosophers regarded debate about the nature of matter as superior to e