The Cell-Derived Mediators of Chemical Mediators of Inflammation细胞产生的炎症化学介质，介质.ppt

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2017-12-23 发布于江西
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The Cell-Derived Mediators of Chemical Mediators of Inflammation细胞产生的炎症化学介质，介质.ppt

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The Cell-Derived Mediators of Chemical Mediators of Inflammation细胞产生的炎症化学介质，介质

The Cell-Derived Mediators of Chemical Mediators of Inflammation Presented by Sara M. Al-Shaker Wed. 5/11/2008 King Saud University Riyadh, KSA Introduction What are mediators? A mediator is a substance or structure that mediates a specific response in a bodily tissue General Properties of Chemical Mediators of Inflammation Site of production Local or remote Method of action Mostly by binding to receptors May have direct enzymatic and/or toxic effects General Properties of Chemical Mediators of Inflammation Some mediators Stimulate release of secondary effector molecules Actions of most mediators are tightly regulated Decay Enzymatic inactivation Elimination Inhibition Cell-Derived Mediators Producing cells: Tissue macrophages Mast cells Endothelial cells Leukocytes Vasoactive Amines Histamine Serotonin Vasoactive Amines Among first mediators in acute inflammatory reactions Preformed mediators in secretory granules Histamine Source: many cell types, esp. mast cells, circulating basophils, and platelets Actions: ARTERIOLAR DILATION INCREASED VASCULAR PERMEABILITY ENDOTHELIAL ACTIVATION Inactivated by: Histaminase Histamine Stimuli of Release: Physical injury Immune reactions C3a and C5a fragments of complement (anaphylatoxins) Leukocyte-derived histamine-releasing proteins Neuropeptides (e.g. substance P) Certain Cytokines (e.g. IL-1 and IL-8) Serotonin(5-HT) Source: Platelets Action: Similar to histamine’s Stimulus: Platelet aggregation Eicosanoids Eicosanoids = Arachidonic Acid (AA) Metabolites = Prostaglandins (PG), Leukotrienes, and Lipoxins Eicosanoids May be thought of as hormones but they differ from hormones by: Produced in all tissues rather than in specialized glands Act locally rather than after transport in blood to distant sites Decay spontaneously OR enzymatically Have short half-life Eicosanoids Source: Leukocytes Mast cells Endothelial cells Platelets Arachidonic Acid 20-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acid (4 double bonds) Obtai