毕业论文-多电极记录神经元动作电位的检测与分类.doc

多电极记录神经元动作电位的检测与分类 摘要 研究神经系统群体特征，既需要得到多个神经元同一时间的信息，又需要掌握单个神经元的放电序列。多电极细胞外记录是对神经系统进行研究的基本手段。多电极细胞外记录的方法经过了一定时间的发展，已经得到了广泛的应用。但是对多电极记录信号的处理一直是个难题。研究神经系统群体特征，需要掌握单个神经元的放电序列，然而细胞外记录到的信号一方面夹杂大量背景噪音，另一方面是电极区域多个神经元放电动作的叠加。如何将神经电信号从原始信号中准确提取出来，得知信号记录到的是多少个神经元活动的叠加，并且将信号中的动作电位归类于单个神经元，是一切研究解码过程的基础。目前已经有很多种方法，但是第一步动作电位检测的方法始终不尽如人意。而如果这一步的结果不准确，后面的工作都仿佛空中楼阁。因此本文试图找到一种比较好的动作电位检测方法。 本文提出的方法是，首先利用常用的阈值检测方法对原始数据进行初步的动作电位检测，然后利用主成分分析方法以及减法聚类获得动作电位的平均模板，以动作电位的平均波形作为形态学滤波器，重新对原始数据进行动作电位检测。此方法使用在模拟数据中，在各种噪声强度下效果均比阈值法有所提高，并且在存在基线漂移的情况下效果明显较好。最后将算法用到采集的实验数据样本中。 关键词：动作电位检测，动作电位分类，阈值检测，形态学滤波器 Detection and sorting of action potentials recorded by multi-electrode system ABSTRACT To understand the population behaviors in nervous system, we need both the real-time information each neuron carries, and the exact firing sequence of the individual neuron. Multi-electrode system is the fundamental tool for research in nervous system. With its development after years, multi-electrode system has been widely used. But the process of the signal extracted from multi-electrode system is still a big problem. We want the exact firing sequence of individual neuron, however, the signal is corrupted with a large amount of background noise and the signal may involve the firing activities of more than one neuron. To get all the spikes, count the number of neurons contributing to the signal, and find the neuron that fires each spike is the very first step of all the research. Many methods have been developed, but the first step, spike detection is still not satisfying. Therefore, in this paper, a better method of spike detection is expected. This paper proposes a method combining threshold detection and morphological filter. Firstly, apply the threshold detection to the recorded data, and cluster the spikes with principal component analysis. Secondly, take the template of one cluster of spikes as the morphological filter. Finally, filter the raw data with the best morphological filter and redetect the filtere