麻省理工学院 生物材料课程 lecture 22 Tissue Engineering.pdf

3.051J/20.340J 1 Lecture 22 Tissue Engineering Tissue Engineering: a field that seeks to replace, repair or enhance biological function at the scale of a tissue or organ by manipulating cells via their extra cellular environment Objectives: 1. Fulfill a biomechanical role (bone, cartilage) 2. Replace physiological function (liver, nerve) 3. Deliver secretory products (insulin) 4. A combination of the above 3 Main Approaches: 1. Extracorpeal/cell encapsulation (3) 2. In vitro synthesis (1-4) 3. In vivo synthesis (1-4) 3.051J/20.340J 2 1. Extracorpeal/Cell Encapsulation Method: 1. Encapsulate cells of interest in semipermeable membrane 2. Implant encapsulated device or connect ex vivo 3. Cells secrete product ⇒ therapy 4. Remove/disconnect device when therapy concluded Semipermeable membrane O , 2 CO , nutrients 2 waste Therapeutic Cells suspended molecules in gel Immune system: Ab, T cells, B cells Advantages : ¾Natural theraputic response from living cells ¾Use of nonhost cells—immunoisolation Issues: ¾Potential for undesirable immune response from adsorption of complement proteins (similar to blood filtration membranes) ¾Potential for thrombosis formation (Anti-coagulants used during ex vivo treatment) ¾Potential for rupture of implanted devices 3.051J/20.340J