医学博士英语统考写作教程 因果关系.doc

表达因果关系：cause for / reason for / factor for / explanation of / result of / consequence of / effect on / influence on 副词及词组： so / thus / therefore / as a result / as a consequence / accordingly / consequently / because of / due to / owing to 连接词： because / as / since / so that / so 动词及词组： make sb do sth / make sth happen / result in / result from / lead to / cause sb to do / cause sth to happen / affect / have an effect on / have an influence on / have an impact on / I. 表达产生、引起、造成、使得： 例句： 自然化学反应造成食物软化或变色。 Natural chemical reactions cause foods to become soft or discolored. Natural chemical reactions make foods (become) soft or discolored. 这种化学物质引起的健康问题一般不严重。 The health problems caused by this chemical usually are not severe. The health problems resulting from this chemical usually are not severe. This chemical does not cause serious health problems. 锻炼似乎可以减少体内雌激素（estrogen）的产生。 Exercise seems to reduce the body’s production of the hormone estrogen. Exercise seems to make the body produce less of the hormone estrogen. Exercise seems to result in [lead to] the body’s less production of the hormone estrogen. Exercise seems to reduce estrogen in the body. 该病常常造成患者死亡。 This disease often causes its victims to die. This disease often makes its victims die. This disease often results in [lead to] the death of its victims. This disease often kills its victims. 这是因为它产生的症状与其它疾病相似。 This is because it produces [causes / brings about / result in] signs like many other sicknesses. II. 表达影响： 例句： 他们研究该蛋白如何影响动物。 They study how the protein affects animals. They study what effects [impacts] the protein has on animals. 心理的不正常严重影响了大学生的生活、学习。Mental problems have already interfered with the normal life and work of college students. Mental problems have already had a negative effect [impact / influence] on the normal life and work of college students. Mental problems have already affected the normal life and work of college students. 不良生活方式和行为受社会心理因素影响，要靠全科医学服务才能很好地解决。 Since unhealthy living