中医学英文课件Differentiation of syndromes 4.ppt

Differentiation of syndromes according to the pathological changes of zang-fu organs TCM was not founded on the basis of precise anatomy. Internal organs, more accurately called zang-fu organs, actually refer to the major functional systems of the human body. In the progress of TCM , no patho-anatomy was studied. Therefore, the pathological changes of the internal organs should not be misunderstood as the patho-anatomical changes of organs and tissues on which the western diagnosis of diseases is based. They are the pathophysiological changes of the functional systems recognized in the light of tradition Chinese medical theories. Diagnosing pathological changes of the internal (zang-fu) organs is the most important component of differentiation of syndromes, for it is often a comprehensive analysis of the pathogenesis in a given cases, including its location, nature, and the condition of confrontation between the anti-pathogenic and pathogenic factors. In combination with the eight general parameters, determination of the pathogenic factors and the state of qi, blood and body fluids, determining the pathological changes of the internal organs usually makes a complete syndrome diagnosis, not only for non-febrile diseases in internal medicine, but also for most diseases in other branches of clinical medicine. 1.stagnation and obstruction of heart blood（1） Summarize: this often results from insufficiency of heart qi and heart yang, causes retardation of blood flow in the heart， occurs in angina pectoris and myocardial infarction in western medicine. 1.stagnation and obstruction of heart blood（2） Clinical manifestations: precordial or substernal pain, stabbing or dull in character, often reaching the shoulder and arm, accompanied by palpitations, dark-purplish tongue or purple spots on the tongue, deep, hesitant or irregular pulse, cyanosis of the face, lips and nails, cold limbs and spontaneous sweating. 1.stagnation and obstruction of heart blood（3） Syndrom