浙江财经大学数据库期末复习资料2015.docVIP

Chapter 1 Introduction- Review questions 1.1 Discuss the meaning of each of the following terms (a) data 数据 For end users, this constitutes all the different values connected with the various objects/entities that are of concern to them.（数据是用户所关心的不同实体或者对象的所有取值的集合） (b) database 数据库 A shared collection of logically related data (and a description of this data), designed to meet the information needs of an organization.（数据库是为了满足一个企业的信息需求而设计的可以共享的，逻辑上相关的数据以及数据的描述的集合） (c) database management system DBMS数据库管理系统 A software system that: enables users to define, create, and maintain the database and provides controlled access to this database.（数据库管理系统是一个软件系统，它让用户能够方便地定义、创建和管理数据库，并提供对数据库的受限制的访问） (d) data independence（数据独立性） This is essentially the separation of underlying file structures from the programs that operate on them, also called program-data independence.（数据独立性就是数据结构与对这些数据进行处理的程序之间的分离，也称程序-数据独立性） (e) views.（视图） A virtual table that does not necessarily exist in the database but is generated by the DBMS from the underlying base tables whenever it’s accessed. （视图是虚表，数据库中并不保存视图表，但它是由DBMS在对视图进行存取时从基本表导出） 1.4 Describe the five components of the DBMS environment and discuss how they relate to each other. Hardware（硬件）: The computer system(s) that the DBMS and the application programs run on. This can range from a single PC, to a single mainframe, to a network of computers. （硬件包括用来运行DBMS以及应用程序的计算机系统，可以是单个PC机，可以是单台主机，也可以计算机网络。） Software（软件）: The DBMS software and the application programs, together with the operating system, including network software if the DBMS is being used over a network.（软件包括DBMS，应用程序，操作系统以及网络软件） Data（数据）: The data acts as a bridge between the hardware and software components and the human components. As we’ve already said, the database contains both the operational data and the meta-data (the ‘data about data’).（数据是计算机软件、硬件以及用户之间的桥梁，数据库中不仅包括数据，还包括数据字典） Procedures（规则与过程）:The instructions and rules that govern the design and use of the database. This may