于单片机控制往返电动小车系统设计.docVIP

××××大 学 学 士 学 位 毕 业 论 文 ????课题名称????基于单片机控制往返电动小车系统设计? 学生姓名 学?? 号??? 业??? 级 ? 2007 年? 月本系统以单片机为核心对电动车进行智能化控制，即CPU通过对障碍与标志进行检测分析自动完成小车的前进、后退、转向控制；利用数控网络实现数字量直接控制多级速度变化以满足各段跑道内不同的速度要求。行驶时间和行驶距离均为液晶自动显示。并且每次转向、倒车、停车时均由发光二极管显示其状态，倒车时伴有峰音。  Abstract Single Chip Computer at the core of the system to electric vehicles for intelligent control of the CPU through barriers and signs for automatic detection analysis trolleys completed advance, retreat, to control; Use digital networks to achieve direct control over the number of changes to meet the level of the runway at different speed. Travelling time and travelling distances are liquid crystal automatically show. And each one, reverse, stopping by luminous diode show their status, reverse, accompanied by warning tone.  Because pure electric cars have many hardware control weaknesses, and not achieve the automatic control functions of complex movements (not used artificial control), while single chip computer a size small, lightweight, low consumption, the functional strong, flexible control convenience and low prices, and other advantages. The design is to single chip computer 8051 chip at the core, attached to the external circuit, the use of optical signals point detectors for the detection and obstacles; Single Chip Computer use of arithmetic calculations and processing capacity to accelerate the realization of automatic cars, speed, deceleration, timing, voice, advance, retreat, turn left, turn right, shows distance and speed shows, travelling time wisdom control systems. Keywords: automatically back and forth car; photoconductor measuring 第一章 系统总体设计 1.1总体设计任务和要求 （一）任务 设计并制作一个能自动往返于起跑线与终点线间的小汽车。允许用玩具汽车改装，但不能用人工遥控（包括有线和无线遥控）。 跑道宽度0.5m，表面贴有白纸，两侧有挡板，挡板与地面垂直，其高度低于20cm。在跑道的B、C、D、E、F、G各点处画有2cm宽的黑线，各段的长度如图1所示。 二要求 1．基本要求　　（1）车辆从起跑线出发（出发前，车体不得超出起跑线），到达终点线后停留10秒，然后自动返回起跑线（允许倒车返回）。往返一次的时间应力求最短（从合上汽车电源开关开始计时）。（2）到达终点线和返回起跑线时，停车位置离起跑线和终点线偏差应最小（以车辆中心点与终点线或起跑线中心线之间距离作为偏差的测量值）。（3）D～E间为限速区，车辆往返均要求以低速通过，通过