浅筋膜背阔肌.PPTVIP

脊柱区、脊柱vertebral region andvertebral column 要求 一、掌握 1、脊柱区体表标志 2、颈、胸、腰椎和骶骨的形态特征；脊柱整体观。 3、脊柱的连结；棘上韧带、黄韧带的结构和临床意义。 4、椎管、骶管的构成、形态特征、内容；椎间孔、骶后孔、骶管裂孔的解剖学特征及临床意义。 5、脊髓三层被膜的特征。 6、硬膜外腔的境界、内容、分部；椎内静脉丛的组成 7、蛛网膜下腔的境界；脑脊液的容量、压力和性质 8、脊柱不同节段硬膜外穿刺、腰下段蛛网膜下腔穿刺及高、低位骶管穿刺的麻醉解剖学要点 9、脊神经根的分段与脊髓被膜的关系 二、熟悉 1、脊柱区深筋膜的分部及其特点。 2、枕下三角、腰上、下三角的境界与内容。 3、骨纤维管、骨纤维孔的组成及临床意义。 三、了解 1、脊柱区深部的血管和神经分布。 2、椎骨异常和脊柱畸形 Superficial Blood Vessels Thoracolumbar Fascia a deep investing membrane which covers the deep muscles of the back of the trunk 3 layers in lumbar region Superficial Group Trapezius levator scapulae Rhomboid minor Rhomboid major Latissimus dorsi Triangle Of Auscultation Intermediate Group Serratus posterior superior Serratus posterior inferior DEEP GROUP Spinotransversales Muscles Splenius Capitis Splenius Cervicis Erector Spine Muscles Iliocostalis Longissimus Spinalis DEEP GROUP Transversospinales muscles Semispinalis Rotatores Multifidus Segmental back muscles Levatores costarum Interspinales Intertransversarii DEEP GROUP Suboccipital Muscles Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor Rectus Capitis Posterior Major Superior Oblique Inferior Oblique Superior Lumbar Triangle(Triangle Of Grynfeltt-Lesshaft ) twelfth rib Serratus posterior inferior Erector spinae internal oblique Inferior Lumbar Triangle(Petits Lumbar Triangle) External Abdominal Oblique Latissimus Dorsi Iliac Crest Deep Arteries DEEP VEINS Deep Nervers Dorsal rami of spinal nerve Accessory nerve Thoracodorsal nerve Dorsal scapular nerve Dorsal Rami of Spinal Nerve Accessory Nerve Dorsal Scapular Nerve VERTEBRAL CANAL CONSTRUCTION Anterior Wall: Vertebral Column Posterior Border Of Intervertebral Disc Posterior Longitudinal Ligament Posterior Wall: Lamina Ligament Flava; Zygapophysial Joints Bilateral Wall: Pedicle Intervertebral Foramina CONTENTS Spinal Cord Meninges Spinal Nerve Root Cauda Equina Blood Vessels Nerves Lymphatic Vessels Connective Tissues MENINGES Spinal dura mater Spinal arachnoid mater Spinal pia