大学有机化学双语教学辅助材料专业术语——英文解释.docVIP

Learning Supplements in Organic Chemistry 有机化学双语教学辅助材料 （专业术语及英文解释） Glossary of Organic Chemistry Acetate(醋酸盐). (CH3COO-, C2H3O2-). acetate ion. 1. an ion formed by removing the acidic hydrogen of acetic acid, HC2H3O2. 2. a compound derived by replacing the acidic hydrogen in acetic acid. 3. A fiber made of cellulose acetate. Acetic acid(乙酸). (CH3COOH, C2H4O2). ethanoic acid; vinegar acid; methanecarboxylic acid. A simple organic acid that gives vinegar its characteristic odor and flavor. Glacial acetic acid is pure acetic acid. Acetone (丙酮).[CH3COCH3 or (CH3)2CO]. trivial name for propanone, formed by the oxidation of 2-propanolwith KMnO4. Achiral(非手性的). A molecule thats superimposable on its mir ror image. Achiral molecules do not rotate plane-polarized light. Achiral molecule(非手性分子). a molecule that does not contain a stereogenic carbon; an achiral molecule has a plane ofsymmetry and is superimposable on its mirror image. Acid anhydride（酸酐）[(RCO)2O]. Compare with acid . Nonmetallic oxides or organic compounds that react with water to form acids . For example, SO2, CO2, P2O5, and SO3 are the acid anhydrides of sulfurous, carbonic, phosphoric, and sulfuric acids, respectively. Acetic anhydride (CH3CO)2O) reacts with water to form acetic acid. Acid dissociation constant（酸电离常数）. (Ka) acid ionization constant. Compare with base hydrolysis constant. The equilibrium constant for the dissociation of an acid into a hydrogen ion and an anion. For example, the acid dissociation constant for acetic acid is the equilibrium constant for HC2H3O2(aq) H+(aq) + C2H3O2-(aq), which is Ka = [H+][C2H3O2-]/[HC2H3O2]. Acid halide(酰卤)（RCOX）. acid chloride; acyl halide; acyl chloride. Compounds containing a carbonyl group bound to a halogen atom. Acid(酸). (Lat. acidus, sour) Compare with base. A proton donor or an electron pair acceptor. 1. a compound which releases hydrogen ions (H+) in solution (Arrhenius). 2. a compound containing detachable h