《传热学》RADIATION HEAT TRANSFER.ppt

CHAPTER 8 RADIATION HEAT TRANSFER Fundamentals Black body radiation Real surface radiation and gray bodies Radiation shape factor Heat exchange between black bodies Heat exchange between gray bodies Network methods for gray body systems Numerical solution for graybody systems Gas radiation §8-1 Introduction The 3rd mode of heat transfer Thermal conduction and convection: normal media required; contact; heat flux is proportional to temperature difference Important in our daily life and engineering Very wide application §8-2 Physical Mechanism Electromagnetic Radiation and Thermal Radiation Radiation is a kind of electromagnetic waves, it is a process of emitting radiant energy. Thermal radiation is that electromagnetic radiation emitted by a body as a result of its temperature. Thermal Radiation A material body will emit radiant energy if only its temperature greater than 0 K Thermal radiation is changed from its internal energy of a body Radiation heat transfer is a result of the changes of energy forms (internal ? radiant ? internal) A body can certainly absorb the radiant energy emitted by a higher temperature body, it can also absorb the radiant energy from a body at a lower temperature The wavelength of thermal radiation Theoretically: ? ? (0, ?) Engineering: 0.1 ~ 100 micron (?m) Industry temperatures: 0.75 ~ 100 micron The Electromagnetic Spectrum Electromagnetic Waves Cosmic rays: up to 4?10-7 micron Gamma rays: 4?10-7 ~ 1.4?10-4 micron X rays: 1?10-5 ~ 2?10-2 micron Ultraviolet rays: 1?10-2 ~ 3.9?10-1 micron Visible light: 3.9?10-1 ~ 7.8?10-1 micron Infrared rays: 7.8?10-1 ~ 1.0?103 micron Radio waves: 1?103 ~ 2?1010 micron Heat rays: 1?10-1 ~ 1?102 micron Total Emissive Power and Monochromatic Emissive Power Total Emissive Power E: [ W/m2 ] The total emitted radiant energy leaving a surface, per unit time, per unit area of emitting surface, to all possible directions. Monochromatic Emiss