国际贸易第七章 经济增长与贸易.pptVIP

Individual Products and Product Cycle Product and production technologies are continually evolving because of ongoing RD. International diffusion of occurs within multinational corporations. The usefulness of the PCH is limited for several reasons. Openness to Trade Affects Growth access to new and improved production on the incentive to innovate Technology that a country can use Positive effects to economic growth Enhance the Have an impact Trade provides LOGO LOGO Chapter7 Growth and Trade lecturer: Xu Liqing Increases in countries’ endowments of production factors Improvements in production technologies Two fundamental sources of long-run economic growth Growth and Trade Growth in Only One Factor Changes in the Country’s Willingness to Trade Effects on the Country’s Term’s of Trade Technology and Trade Balanced versus Biased Growth growth Balanced versus Biased Balanced versus Biased Growth Balanced Growth 40 56 80 112 20 60 84 28 s1 s2 c1 c2 cloth wheat 0 Reasons of Balanced Growth Balanced Growth Balance growth could be the result of increases in the country’s endowments of all factors by the same proportion or it would be the result of technology improvements of a similar magnitude in both industries Balanced versus Biased Growth Biased Growth 40 48 80 0 20 40 60 72 s1 s3 c1 c3 wheat cloth 40 80 60 130 20 60 90 s1 s4 c1 c4 wheat cloth Toward cloth Toward wheat Biased Growth 1.ONE 2.TWO Reasons of Biased Growth The country’s endowments of different factors grow at different rates Improvements in production technologies are larger in one of the industries than in the other Growth in Only One Factor Growth in Only One Factor Rybczynski theorem In a two-good world and assuming that product prices are constant, growth in the country’s endowment of one factor of production, with the other factor unchanged 1. An increase in the output of the good that uses the growing factor intensively 2. A decrease in