肾髓质PGE2及肾素受体在糖尿病肾病和高血压中的作用PPT.ppt

肾髓质PGE2及肾素受体在糖尿病肾病和高血压中的作用PPT.ppt

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肾髓质PGE2及肾素受体在糖尿病肾病和高血压中的作用PPT

Interaction between Renal Medullary PGE2 and (P)RR in Diabetic Nephropathy and Hypertension ;Prevalence of CKD;Incident Rate of ESRD;ESRD Costs;Nearly 26 million Americans have diabetes, according to new estimates from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). In addition, an estimated 79 million U.S. adults have prediabetes, a condition in which blood sugar levels are higher than normal, but not high enough to be diagnosed as diabetes. Prediabetes raises a persons risk of type 2 diabetes, heart disease and stroke. Diabetes affects 8.3 percent of Americans of all ages, and 11.3 percent of adults aged 20 and older, according to the National Diabetes Fact Sheet for 2011. About 27 percent of those with diabetes—7 million Americans—do not know they have the disease. Prediabetes affects 35 percent of adults aged 20 and older.;Annual Number (in Thousands) of New Cases of Diagnosed Diabetes Among Adults Aged 18–79 Years, United States, 1980–2010 From 1980 through 2010, the number of adults in the United States aged 18–79 with newly diagnosed diabetes more than tripled from 493,000 in 1980 to over 1.7 million in 2010. The number of new cases of diabetes has increased since the early 1990s. From 2008 through 2010, the number of new cases of diagnosed diabetes has shown little change. ;Number (in Millions) of Civilian, Noninstitutionalized Adults with Diagnosed Diabetes, United States, 1980–2010 From 1980 through 2010, the number of U.S. adults aged 18 years or older with diagnosed diabetes has more than tripled (from 5.5 million to 20.7 million). ;The overall prevalences of total diabetes (previously diagnosed plus previously undiagnosed diabetes) and prediabetes were 9.7% and 15.5%, respectively.;Epidemiology Diabetic nephropathy is the most common cause of chronic kidney failure and end-stage kidney disease in the United States, accounting for 44% of all new cases of kidney failure in the United States in 2008. People with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes are

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