外文翻译---论准时定制的冬季天气信息系统与城市交通道路管理.docxVIP

附录 (英文)Tailored and On-time Winter Weather Information for Road Traffic ManagementThomas Gerz, Arnold Tafferner, Shinju Park, Felix Keis11 Institut für Physik der Atmosph?re, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany;2Hydrometeorological Innovate Solutions S.L., Barcelona, SpainE-mail: thomas.gerz@dlr.deABSTRACTRecent developments are reported on techniques to determine the onset, duration, amount and type of precipitation as well as the snow and icing conditions at the surface. The algorithms, still under development, will be used to forecast the weather in short to medium lead times, i.e. for the next 30 minutes up to a few hours (“nowcasting”). An algorithm aims at detecting potential areas of snow fall by combining reflectivity data of precipitation and surface temperature data from a numerical model as well as surface stations in high spatial resolution. Another approach combines profiling measurements with numerical weather forecast products. (e.g., meteo data measured by aircraft and polarimetric radar data)Keywords: type and amount of precipitation, nowcast, anticipating the weather 1 INTRODUCTIONWeather phenomena contribute to congestions, accidents and delays in all traffic modes. The road traffic in particular is derogate by adverse weather like snow, ice, fog, rain, strong wind and wind gusts. Increasing traffic makes transportation even more vulnerable to adverse weather conditions. Today stakeholders and participants in transportation (be it air-borne or ground-based) most of the time only react on adverse weather when the disruption has already happened or is just about to happen. Future road management systems should proactively anticipate disruptive weather elements and their time scales of minutes to days well in advance to avoid or to mitigate the impact upon the traffic flow. But “weather” is not a technical problem that can be simply solved. Predicting the weather is a difficult and complex task and only possible withi