绪论、头部.ppt

Region and parts Cranium 颅部 Face 面部 Landmaeks Superciliary Supraorbital notch Infraorbital foramen Mental foramen Pterion Zygomatic arch Mastoid process External occipital protuberance Facial muscles 面肌 Epicranius 颅顶肌 (oddipitofrontalis) 枕额肌 Frontal belly 额腹 Occipital belly 枕腹 Galea aponeurotica 帽状腱膜 Orbicularis oculi 眼轮匝肌 Buccinator 颊肌 Orbicularis oris 口轮匝肌 Nasalis 鼻肌 Platysma 颈阔肌 Masticatory muscles Masseter 咬肌 Origin－inferior border and medial surface of zygomatic arch Insertion－lateral surface of ramus of mandible and angle of mandible Action－elevates mandible Temporalis 颞肌 Origin－temporal fossa Insertion－coronoid process of mandible Action－elevates and retracts mandible lateral pterygoid 翼外肌 Medial pterygoid 翼内肌 Maxillary artery 上颌动脉 Branch of external carotid a. Entrance to infratemporal fossa medial to neck of mandible Branches Inferior alveolar a. 下牙槽动脉 Middle meningeal a. 脑膜中动脉 enters the skull through foremen spinosum Supplies cranium and dura mater Posterior superior alveolar a.上牙槽后动脉 Veins of head Facial vein 面静脉 Begins at medial angle of eye (angular vein) Runs downward and backward through the face, posterior to the facial artery Below angle of mandible, joins anterior branch of retromandibular vein to form common facial vein, which drains into internal jugular vein Connections with cavernous sinus 海绵窦through the ophthalmic vein眼静脉, and also through pteygoid plexus 翼静脉丛 via the deep facial vein 面深静脉 “Danger area” 危险三角－ lies between root of nose and two angles of mouth; in this area the facial vein has no valves. Retromandibular vein 下颌后静脉 Formed by union of superficial temporal and maxillary veins Divides into an anterior branch that unites with facial vein and a posterior branch that joins posterior auricular vein to become external jugular vein Pteygoid plexus 翼静脉丛 Located between and around muscles of mastication Receives blood from all regions supplied by maxillary a. Comm