性生殖精品教学（汕头大学）男性生殖生理.pptVIP

睾丸功能的调控Regulation of Testicular Function 下丘脑—垂体– 睾丸轴 Hypothalamus—Pituitary—Testis 阴襄的功能Functions of scrotum One function of the scrotum is to help maintain the temperature necessary for spermatogenesis by locating the testes outside of the body cavity. 维持生精过程所需的温度 The temperature in the human scrotum is 3.1?C lower than the normal within the body. Spermatogenesis requires this lower temperature. 人类阴襄的温度较体内温度低3.1度, 适合精子生成. 隐睾症 Cryptorchid testes In about 3 to 4% of males, the testes fail to descend by birth. By one year of age, about 0.8% of males still have testes within the pelvic cavity, and in 0.3% of cases the tests fail to descend by the time spermatogenesis. Temperature damage would occurs in these cryptorchid testes. 桑拿是好的生活方式吗?Hot bath or sauna: a good life style? Taking a hot bath or sauna can lead to temporary problems with sperm production. (可导致生精问题) However, taking a series of hot bath is not a reliable contraceptive measure. (用热水浴来避孕不可靠) 影响睾丸功能的其它因素Other factors that influence testicular function 长期应激状态 Stress: Long term stress is known to inhibit testicular function. As adrenal hormones may inhibit testicular function by suppressing GnRH , LH and FSH secretion. 放射性损害 Radiation High levels of radioactivity can destroy spermatogonia, and cause infertility. 农药 Pesticides Pesticides have adverse effects on testicular function 重金属化学物质 Chemicals Heavy metals such as mercury, lead, cadmium can cause complete and irreversible infertility 合成类固醇 Anabolic steroids Anabolic steroids, such as androstenedione are taken by men to increase muscle size and strength. 合成类固醇的副作用Side effects of anabolic steroids Excess anabolic steroids can reduce LH secretion and lead to testis shrinkage and infertility, other side effects include liver tumors, kidney disease, heart disease, and muscle spasms. Review Questions Describe the sequence of events leading from spermatogonia to sperm. List function of the Sertoli cel