性生殖精品教学（汕头大学）女性生殖生理.pptVIP

女性生殖生理Female reproductive physiology 卵巢的功能Ovarian Function 生卵过程 Oogenesis: The processes by which immature female germ cells produce ova. 激素分泌 Hormone Secretion Secrete female sex hormone. 卵泡生长 Follicular growth Primordial follicles (原始卵泡） ? Primary follicles（初级卵泡）? Secondary follicles（次级卵泡）? One Dominante follicle (优势卵泡 ) ? Mature follicle （成熟卵泡） 原始卵泡 Primordial follicles: 初级卵泡 Primary follicle 次级卵泡 Secondary follicle 成熟卵泡 Mature follicle Oogenesis (生卵过程) Oogonia （卵原细胞） ? Primary oocytes （初级卵母 细胞） ? Secondary oocytes （次级卵母 细胞）? Ovum（卵子） 青春期开始后的生卵过程Oogenesis Beginning at puberty, a small number of primary oocytes are activated each month. LH acts on follicle and triggers the resumption of meiosis in the oocyte. 在青春期开始后LH诱发初级卵母 细胞的减数分裂再次启动. But only one ultimately produce two haploid cells (单倍体细胞）. The smaller cell is called the first polar body（第一极体）; the larger cell is called the secondary oocyte. 第二次减数分裂的完成和卵子的生成 当排出的次级卵母 细胞受精后第二次减数分裂才快速完成, 并生成一个大的卵子和一个小的第二极体. The secondary oocyte begins the second meiotic division, but this division is again arrested while the oocyte is still within the follicle. If an ovulated oocyte is penetrated by a sperm, the second meiotic dividion is quickly completed, and produces a large ovum and tiny second polar body. 次级卵母细胞的释放 Oocyte release Because of enzymatic digestion, Ovulation occurs when the walls of the follicle and ovary rupture. The secondary oocyte is carried out of the ovary by follicular fluid. 人类排卵过程实拍照片 《新科学家》杂志报道，比利时科学家在为女患 者实施手术过程中，无意间拍到了排卵过程，这是有史以来拍下的最清楚的展现人类生命起点的照片。 从卵巢释放卵母细胞是人类繁殖中至关重要的一个环节。无疑，这些照片对更好地了解这一机制相当重要，观察人类的排卵非常罕见。 一直以来，人们认为卵子的释放是一个突然的、爆发性的环节，但他拍下的照片表明排卵的过程至少持续15分钟。 女性生育期卵子的排放 女性一生排卵400至500个 Since the reproductive life of a female is about 45 years and typically only one ovulation occurs each month. 400 to 500 secondary oocytes are released during a woman’s lifetime . 黄体 Corpus luteum 排卵后快速形成黄体. After the mature f