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外文资料翻译 Spring开发框架的发展 The Spring Framework is an open source application framework for the Java platform [1] The first version was written by Rod Johnson who released the framework with the publication of his book Expert One-on-One J2EE Design and Development in October 2002. The framework was first released under the Apache 2.0 license in June 2003. The first milestone release, 1.0, was released in March 2004, with further milestone releases in September 2004 and March 2005. The Spring 1.2.6 framework won a Jolt productivity award and a JAX Innovation Award in 2006.[2][3] In December 2009 version 3.0 GA was released. The current version is 3.0.2.[4] The core features of the Spring Framework can be used by any Java application, but there are extensions for building web applications on top of the Java EE platform. Although the Spring Framework does not impose any specific programming model, it has become popular in the Java community as an alternative to, replacement for, or even addition to the Enterprise JavaBean (EJB) model. VMware acquired SpringSource for approximately $362 million in cash and equity plus the assumption of approximately $58 million of unvested stock and options on September 16, 2009 (total $420 million).[5] The Spring Framework comprises several modules that provide a range of services: ? Inversion of Control container: configuration of application components and lifecycle management of Java objects ? Aspect-oriented programming: enables implementation of cross-cutting routines ? Data access: working with relational database management systems on the Java platform using JDBC and object-relational mapping tools ? Transaction management: unifies several transaction management APIs and coordinates transactions for Java objects ? Model-view-controller: a HTTP and Servlet-based framework providing hooks for extension and customization ? Remote Access framework: configurative RPC-style export and import of