医务人员的职业风险与防护PPT.pptVIP

* As mentioned earlier, one factor to consider in assessing the risk of infection is the body substance to which healthcare personnel are exposed. This shows the concentration of HBV in various body fluids. On the left, in red, are the fluids with the highest concentration of virus. Moving from the left to the right side, the concentration decreases. Blood, for instance, has a higher virus concentration than urine or sweat. * The key elements of postexposure management are listed here. Over the next few slides, wound management, exposure reporting, assessment of the infection risk by type and severity of exposure, determination of the bloodborne status of the source person, and appropriate treatment, follow-up, and counseling are explored in more detail. * It is important to collect and record information about the exposure on an exposure report, and to maintain the confidentiality of both the worker and the source patient. An exposure report should include the date and time that the exposure occurred, as well as details of what procedure was being performed, where, how, and what device (if any) was involved. If a device was involved, OSHA requires that the brand and manufacturer of the device be recorded. Details such as the route of exposure, body substance involved, and volume or duration of contact also should be included. Additionally, information about the source person and exposed person, if known, is critical, along with exposure management details, which will be discussed later. * To assess the risk of infection, first consider the type of exposure. Those that pose a risk of infection are percutaneous injuries, mucous membrane exposures, exposures to non-intact skin, and bites resulting in blood exposure. In general, percutaneous injuries pose a greater risk than mucous membrane and non-intact skin exposures. The next thing to consider is the body substance involved in the exposure. Although blood and bloody fluid exposures are the most risky, there