高一英语第16讲：必修一unit4核心词汇、短语、句型（3）（教师版）.docxVIP

第16讲必修一unit4核心词汇、短语、句型（3）一、重点词汇1. ruin v.n. 毁灭，使破产，遗迹，废墟（名词时常用复数）be in ruins 呈一片废墟 fall into ruin 变成废墟 come to ruin 毁灭，落空 ruin oneself 自我毁灭 bring sb. to ruin 使毁灭二、重点词组1. tens of thousands of 数以万计的hundreds of数百的hundreds of and thousands of 成百上千的thousands of数千的millions of数百万的dozens of许多； 大量scores of 许多； 大量三、重点句型1. But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night. 但是，唐山市的一百万居民几乎都没有把这些情况当一回事，当天晚上照常睡着了。句子结构：由who引导的非限制性定语从句。2. It was a city whose hospitals, 75% of its factories and buildings and 90% of its homes were gone. 所有的师内医院，75%的工厂和建筑物，90%的家园都消失了。句子结构：数字+of which/whom 引导的非限制性定语从句。四、限制性和非限制性定语从句1）定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如：This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. 这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）2） 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。例如：Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理?史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.　我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。3） 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如：He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。五、介词+关系词1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。2）that前不能有介词。3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的\介词+关系词结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。有时，前面的介词可移到定语从句的中间或后面，此时whom可用who, that代替；which可以用that代替。而且who, whom, which, that都可省略。例如：This is the house in which I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子。This is the house where I lived two years ago.This is the house which/that I lived in two years ago.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？Do you remember the day when you joined our club?介词+which+n.的用法，常见的如：in which case/at which time/in which way…实际上相当于and in that case/and at that