词的理据Semantic motivation.pptVIP

Semantic motivation 语义理据 Semantic motivation 语义理据 Semantic motivation refers to the mental associations suggested by the conceptual meaning of a word. It explains the connection between the literal meaning and figurative meaning of a word. The mouth of a river He manages to earn bread Metaphor 隐喻 Metonymy 转喻 Synecdoche 提喻 Analogy 类比 There are a word to form a new meaning according to semantic motivation  1. Metaphor 暗喻 Metaphor is a figure of speech containing an implied comparison, in which a word or phrase ordinarily and primarily used of one thing is applied to anther. fruitful tree/experience blooming rose/health Metaphor 暗喻 判断性隐喻 Life is a short summer 修饰性隐喻 A sea of troubles 持续性隐喻 When the new method was introduced, some teachers, as a friend of mine put it, climbed on the bandwagon and could not play the instruments. 教师爬上了乐队凑热闹，但是却不会是使用乐器 这种新方法刚引入，正如我的一位 朋友所说，有些教师尽想赶浪头，但又苦于不会使用新方法。 2. Metonymy 借代/转喻 Metonymy refers to name a thing using the other thing’s name, but there must be a close relationship between them. White House：president Adam’s apple: 喉结 lion’s share: the biggest and best portion (3) Synecdoche 提喻 Synecdoche means using a part of whole, an individual for a class, a material for a thing or the reverse of an these. bread—food The Pentagon (五角大楼)— United States Department of Defense （4）Analogy 类比 Analogy is a process whereby words are created in imitation of other words. 类比构词的特点是仿照原有的同类词创造出其对应词或近义词。 Marathon: telethon 马拉松式电视广播节目 A. 色彩类比 色彩类比主要通过表示不同颜色的词类比出新词新语 Black list White list 白名单, 用户指定不受任何约束的联系人 Gray list 灰名单，指非明文查禁但仍属不合法的人 或物 B. 数字类比 由数字类比构成的词，有的数字不变，只变动被修饰语；有的被修饰语不变，只变动数字。 First lady 第一夫人 First mother 国家元首的母亲 First family 国家元首的一家 The First World War The Second World War c. 地点空间的类比 由这种类比构成的新词多半与外层空间技术发展有密切联系。 Landscape 地形 景色 Moonscape月面景色 Marscape 火星表面 D. 近似类比 这种类比指类比词之间要有一个近似点，根据这个近似点，推此及彼。 Environment pollution Noise/sound po