无线系统的微波与射频设计8.ppt

Microwave and RF Design of Wireless Systems Functions: Proving precisely controlled sources for frequency conversion and carrier generation. Simple transistor oscillator: lack the frequency stability and low-noise performance. §8.1 RF Oscillators Oscillator is a nonlinear circuit that converts DC power to an AC waveform providing sinusoidal output in wireless systems. 1. General Analysis Circuit: Common emitter, common base, common collector. Common source, common gate ,common drain. 2. Oscillator Using a Common Emitter BJT 3. Practical Colpitts oscillator §8.2 Microwave Oscillators It is difference from the techniques used at lower RF frequency, Because of differences in transistor characteristics, circuit layout method, and test equipment (S parameter, rather than voltage or current). 1. Transistor Oscillators 2. Stability Oscillation Condition 3. Oscillation Circuit Design (1) Improve resonant network. ↑frequency stability ,↓phase noise, such as dielectric resonator (DR) §8.3 Frequency synthesis Methods Frequency synthesis provide a large number of precisely controlled frequency derived form a stable oscillator. 1. Direct Synthesis 2. Direct Digital Synthesis (Digital Look-up Synthesis) 3. Phase-locked loops Analog form: Capture rangelock rang, Capture circuit, low phase noise, higher operating frequency, millimeter wave P.D? mixer, fixed frequency divider. 4. Practical synthesizer circuits Use variations and combinations of the above three basic synthesis method 5. Fractional phase-locked loops Fractional-N: NN’N+1 §8.5 Oscillator phase noise Random fluctuations caused by thermal and other noise sources. Appear as broad continuous distribution. ① adding to the noise level of the receiver. ② a noise LO will lead to down-conversion of undesired nearby signal. ③ limiting the selectivity of the receiver. ④ increasing the space of adjacent channels. ⑤ introduces uncertainty during the detection of signals. 1.