数据通信与网络 第三章.ppt

Data Communications, Shenzhen University 复用--Multiplexing 基本概念--Many to one/one to many 频分复用--Frequency division multiplexing 波分复用--Wave division multiplexing 时分复用--Time division multiplexing 电话网络--The telephone system 数字用户线--Digital subscriber line 复用--Multiplexing 复用: 在单条数据传输线上传递多个用户之间的数据通信 复用器(Multiplexer)与解复用器(DeMultiplexer) 分类 频分复用--Frequency Division Multiplexing 依据不同的载波频率对信号进行调制 对调制后的信号进行合成 调制信道Channel - 调制信道之间必须用警戒频带 (guard band) 隔离以防止信道之间存在频带重叠 FDM 时/频域处理过程 FDM 时/频域解复用过程 波分复用--Wave Division Multiplexing 类似 FDM，此时变化的是光的波长（FDM中是信号的频域） 通过光纤传输光波 对多个不同波长的光进行合成 Prisms in WDM 使用棱镜(Prism)对光进行分解与合成 棱镜依据光线入射角和频率对光产生不同的折射 时分复用--Time Division Multiplexing 同步(synchronous) TDM and 异步 (asynchronous) TDM 同步TDM--Synchronous TDM 复用器将复用帧的同一时槽分配给某个固定用户 复用帧(frames)由时槽(slots)组成 如有n路输入, 那么每个复用帧至少应包含n个时槽 TDM解复用过程--Demultiplexing Process 成帧（同步）比特--Framing Bits 多种因素可能导致收发方之间时间不同步，从而使得解复用出错 解决的方式是使用成帧比特/同步位 (framing bits) 同步TDM 实例（教材P.111 例8） 异步TDM—Asynchronous TDM Also called statistical TDM or concentrator Total speed of input lines can be greater than the capacity of the path For n input lines, the frame contains no more than m slots, with m less than n Support more devices than synchronous TDM Each slot is available to any of the attached input lines that has data to send 异步TDM复用帧 Asynchronous TDM 时隙需要地址位进行寻址（Addressing and overhead） 时槽长度可变 Asynchronous TDM can accommodate varying data rates by varying the length of the time slots Control bits are required to indicate the slot length 反向TDM Breaks one high-speed line into several lower-speed lines High-rate data (video, for example) can be inversely multiplexed over multiple lines ATT’s 电话网络层次架构 T线--T Lines Telephone companies use T lines to implement the DS services DS-0 is not actually offered as a service Service Line Rate(Mbps) Voice channels ----------------------------------------------- DS-1 T-1 1.544 24 DS-2 T-2 6.312 96 DS-3 T-3 44.736 672 DS-4 T-4 274.176 4032 T Lines （传输模拟业务） Using PCM and TDM, T lines