垂悬修饰语 DanglingModifier.ppt

垂悬修饰语 Dangling Modifier Dangling modifier 悬垂修饰语  错误：Walking on the street，a car hit him.  分析：主从句主语不同，不能直接省略从句主语。car可以作hit的主语，发出hit的动作，却无法发出walk的动作，本句直译为：一辆车在街上走着，把他撞了。这是不合逻辑的。正确：Walking on the street, he was hit by a car或When he was walking on the street，a car hit him. 错误：At the age of nine, my grandmothther passed away.  分析：这是介词短语作垂悬修饰语，是错误的，这个句子直译是：奶奶九岁的时候去世了。语意完全变了。 正确：When I was nine, my grandmothther passed away. 错误：Although only a small boy, my father expected me to do a man’s work.  分析：从句在说“我”，主句在说“父亲”，主语不一致，导致了垂悬结构的出现。本句直译为：尽管父亲还是一个小男孩，但他却期待我作些大人的工作。显然，逻辑混乱。 正确：Although I was only a small boy, my father expected me to do a man’s work.  Types revise Climbing up the hill, several boars were seen. exercise Looking out of the window, the grassland stretches as far as the eyes can reach. 2. Dangling gerundPrepositional phrases (悬垂动名词及介词短语) After putting a shrimp on the hook, the fish began to bite. exercise On entering the room, refreshments were being served. 1. On entering the room, I found that refreshments were being served. 2. When I entered the room, refreshments were being served. 3． Dangling infinitive (悬垂不定式短语) 1. To write well, a lot of practice is needed. exercise To play tennis well, the racket must be held properly. 4．Dangling elliptical clause(悬垂省略句) When only five years old, my father took me to a circus. Types Dangling participle(悬垂分词) Dangling gerundPrepositional phrases (悬垂动名词及介词短语) Dangling infinitive(悬垂不定式短语) Dangling elliptical clause(悬垂省略句) 下列三种情况下，分词短语是对的，它们并非垂悬结构： 　　第一，独立结构（The Absolute Construction）中的分词短语有自己的主语，所以不是垂悬结构。例如： 　　① Such being the case, we can go home now. 第二，当分词含有介词或连词性质时，它不需要逻辑主语，所以没有垂悬问题存在。例如： 　　② Owing to a lack of funds, the project has to be discontinued. 　　③ Provided that there is sufficient time, everyone can do the job better. 　　 被当作介词看待的垂悬分词有：considering; counting，including; barring，bating，excepting，excepted，saving that; concerning，regarding，respecting，touching; wanting，failin