法律英语第五课 宪法.ppt

法律英语 Lesson Five Constitution Background History of the Constitution The Declaration of Independence 独立宣言(1776) History of the Constitution History of the Constitution THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION (1789) Preamble Article I - Legislative Department Article II - Executive Department Article III - Judicial Department Article IV - States Relations Article V - Mode of Amendment Article VI - Prior Debts, National Supremacy and Oaths of Office Article VII - Ratification PREAMBLE We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. 我们合众国人民，为建立更完善的联邦，树立正义，保障国内安宁，提供共同防务，促进公共福利，并使我们自己和后代得享自由的幸福，特为美利坚合众国制定本宪法。 History of the Constitution Amendments (1-27 ) THE FIRST 10 AMENDMENTS TO THE U.S. CONSTITUTION BILL OF RIGHTS 权利和自由修正案 Part One: The constitution as supreme law supreme law of the land. 宪法是美国最高法律。 When state constitutions or laws passed by state legislatures or the national Congress conflict with the federal Constitution, they have no force. Decisions handed down by the Supreme Court ……have confirmed and strengthened “Doctrine of constitutional supremacy” 联邦最高法院宣布的决定证实并加强了宪法至上原则。 Final authority is vested in the American people. 最终权力属于美国人民 …change the fundamental law The day-to-day business of government is delegated by the people to public officials . 人民将日常政治工作委托给公务员。 Public officials Power is limited. 权力受限制。 Their public actions must conform to the Constitution and to the laws made in accord with the Constitution. 他们的公共行为必须符合宪法和依照宪法制定的法律。 Elected officials must stand for re-election at periodic intervals, when their records are subject to intensive public scrutiny. 选举产生的官员要接受定期重新选举，其政绩要受到公众全面监督。 Appointed officials serve at the pleasure of the person or authority who appointe