陕西省大气探测技术保障中心.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * FIND EXAMPLES OF THESE ON THE WEB Types of ocean transports Cargo, tanker, RORO, … Port / dock operations / gantry crane Container loading software Types of air transport Dunnage PACKAGING ISSUES:INTERMODAL STRESS POINTS PLACE FORCES Truck Acceleration / Deceleration [increasing speed; slowing; stopping] Centrifugal [making turns; curves] Retardation [slowing; stopping] Vibrations from movement and bumps Transfer point Acceleration [lifting; lowering] Impact [dropping onto surface] Retardation [slowing; stopping] Rail car Same as truck plus Shunting [train car switching operations] Port Same as truck plus Impact [dropping onto surface] Ship Centrifugal [ship movements] Heaving [the movement of the ship in response to the waves] Pitching [the up-and-down motion of a ship] Rolling [the side-to-side motion of a ship] Swaying [the rocking motion of a ship] Vibrations [caused by wave and impact forces] Yawing [the degree to which the ship is pointed away from its intended course] Distribution system testing ISTA procedures ASTM D-4169, D-4728, D-999 Mil specs Company specified tests Custom test protocols UN, IATA, ICAO HAZMAT PACKAGE TESTING Product testing inside the package Temperature / Humidity testing Mullen Burst testing / ECT system testing Shock testing Incline-impact testing Compression testing Drop testing Vibration testing Definitions, examples, and pictures of all of test methods can be found on the web. PACKAGE TESTING FEDERAL SECURITY DEVELOPMENTS U.S. Customs - Container Security Initiative [CSI] Currently 20 nations and 44 ports including all 20 of the world’s largest ports. See /xp/cgov/border