C++英文课件.pptVIP

The Fundamentals of C++ Program Organization Program statement Definition Declaration Action Executable unit Named set of program statements Different languages refer to executable units by different names Fortran and Basic : Subroutine Pascal : Procedure C++ : Function Program Organization C++ program Collection of definitions, declarations and functions Collection can span multiple files physically A files containing C++ code is called a translation unit Advantages Structured into small understandable units Complexity is reduced Overall program size decreases A First Program – Hello world! A Second Program – Area.cpp #include iostream using namespace std; int main() { // Extract length and width cout Rectangle dimensions: ; float Length; float Width; cin Length Width; // Compute and insert the area float Area = Length * Width; cout Area = Area = Length Length * Width Width endl; return 0; } Comments Allow prose or commentary to be included in program Importance Programs are read far more often than they are written Programs need to be understood so that they can be maintained C++ has two conventions for comments // single line comment (preferred) /* long comment */ (save for debugging) Typical uses Identify program and who wrote it Record when program was written Add descriptions of modifications A program should at least include 20% comments. Object Object is a representation of some information Name Values or properties Data members Ability to react to requests (messages)!! Member functions When an object receives a message, one of two actions are performed Object is directed to perform an action Object changes one of its properties In C++ we usually say that a definition of the built-in data type (integer, float, double etc.) is object, not variable. Fundamental C++ Objects C++ has a large number of fundamental or built-in object types The fundamental object type