第22讲 SQL语言高级02--条件查询和排序.pptVIP

Restricting and Sorting Data Objectives After completing this lesson, you should be able to do the following: Limit the rows retrieved by a query Sort the rows retrieved by a query Limiting Rows Using a Selection Limiting the Rows Selected Restrict the rows returned by using the WHERE clause. The WHERE clause follows the FROM clause. Using the WHERE Clause Character Strings and Dates Character strings and date values are enclosed in single quotation marks. Character values are case sensitive, and date values are format sensitive. The default date format is DD-MON-RR. Comparison Conditions Using Comparison Conditions Other Comparison Conditions Using the BETWEEN Condition Use the BETWEEN condition to display rows based on a range of values. Using the IN Condition Use the IN membership condition to test for values in a list. Using the LIKE Condition Use the LIKE condition to perform wildcard searches of valid search string values. Search conditions can contain either literal characters or numbers: % denotes zero or many characters. _ denotes one character. Using the LIKE Condition You can combine pattern-matching characters. You can use the ESCAPE identifier to search for the actual % and _ symbols. Using the NULL Conditions Test for nulls with the IS NULL operator. Logical Conditions Using the AND Operator Using the OR Operator Using the NOT Operator Rules of Precedence Rules of Precedence Rules of Precedence ORDER BY Clause Sort rows with the ORDER BY clause ASC: ascending order, default DESC: descending order The ORDER BY clause comes last in the SELECT statement. Sorting in Descending Order Sorting by Column Alias Sorting by Column Number Sorting by Multiple Columns The order of ORDER BY list is the order of sort. You can sort by a column that is not in the SELECT list. Summary Limiting the Rows Selected You can restrict the rows returned from the query by using the WHERE clause. A WHERE clause contains a condition that must be met, and it dire