北大 internet高级程序设计 lecture5-Makefile.pptVIP

make options: make options: -f filename - when the makefile name is not standard -t - (touch) mark the targets as up to date -q - (question) are the targets up to date, exits with 0 if true -n - print the commands to execute but do not execute them / -t, -q, and -n, cannot be used together / -s - silent mode -k - keep going – compile all the prerequisites even if not able to link them !! Phony targets Phony targets: Targets that have no dependencies. Used only as names for commands that you want to execute. clean : rm $(OBJS) __________________ To invoke it: make clean Typical phony targets: all – make all the top level targets .PHONY : all all: my_prog1 my_prog2 clean – delete all files that are normally created by make print – print listing of the source files that have changed conditions Possible conditionals are: if ifeq ifneq ifdef ifndef All of them should be closed with endif. Complex conditionals may use elif and else. Example: libs_for_gcc = -lgnu normal_libs = ifeq ($(CC),gcc) libs=$(libs_for_gcc) #no tabs at the beginning else libs=$(normal_libs) #no tabs at the beginning endif Automatic variables Automatic variables are used to refer to specific part of rule components. eval.o : eval.c eval.h g++ -c eval.c $@ - The name of the target of the rule (eval.o). $ - The name of the first dependency (eval.c). $^ - The names of all the dependencies (eval.c eval.h). $? - The names of all dependencies that are newer than the target Example for Automatic Variables C = g++ OBJS = eval.o main.o SRCS = $(OBJS, .o=.c) my_prog : $(OBJS) $(C) -g -c $^ %.o : %.c $(C) -g -c S $(SRCS) : eval.h Lecture 5 Makefile Introduction The “make” utility in Unix is one of the original tools designed by S. I. Fieldman of ATT Bell labs circa 1977. There are many version. What is “make”?: The tool is designed to allow programmers to efficiently compile large complex programs with many comp