c-双语[7-file].pptVIP

7.1 Introduction A file is a collection of datum which is stored in the external memory.A named file. The examples so far have all read the standard input and written the standard output. In C , a file is a sequence of characters.It can be divided into two forms of organization: 1.ASCII file(Text file) 2. Binary file Old C version,there are two kinds of management method. 1. Buffer file high-level I/O ,ASCII file 2.non-buffer file low-level I/O,binary file ANSI C,there is only buffer file A file is operated with a file pointer which is points to a structure that contains information about the file,such as the location of a buffer,the current character position in the buffer. The definitions obtained from stdio.h include a structure declaration called FILE. typedef struct {int _fd; /*file number*/ int _cleft; /*the character left*/ int _mode; /*file operation pattern*/ char *_nextc; /*the position of next character*/ char *_buff; /*the position of file buffer */ }FILE; We can declare a file pointer FILE *fp; 7.3 File’s Open and Close Before the file can be read or written ,a file has to be opened by the library function fopen. fp=fopen(name,mode); name---is a character string containing the name of the file. mode---is the mode ,also a character string. “r”, “w”, “ a”, “ rb”, “wb”, “ ab”, “r+”, “w+”, “ a+”, “ rb+”, “wb+”, “ ab+”. 7.3 File’s Open and Close “r”---the file must be existed,read from it. “w”---create a new file ,write to it. If failed to open a file ,the return value of fopen is NULL. if ((fp=fopen(“file1”, “r”))==NULL) {printf(“cannot open this file\n”); exit(0); } When the program begins to execute,system opens three standard files automatically. Standard input,standard output,standard error output. 7.3 File’s Open and Close System defines three file pointers automatically. stdin , stdout , stderr. T