化工原理chapter10.2.pptVIP

Chapter 10  Distillation Fine distillation - rectification see Figure 10.7 and 10.8 Feed F (vapor or liquid) enters the tower through the inlet between the two sections. The vapor part flows upward into the rectifying section. After the rectification, the distilled vapor containing high concentration of light component leave then the tower top. Part of it is condensed as light product D, other part returns in the tower as reflux. The liquid part flow down into the stripping section. The residue liquid containing high heavy component leaves at the tower bottom. Part of it is treated as heavy product W , other part is heated to evaporate and rises in the tower again. Theoretical plate plate efficiency definition of theoretical plate 1 The vapor and liquid are fully contacted and mixed on the plate. 2 The leaving two phases reach a phase equilibrium. usage On this plate, the vapor-liquid relationship can be described with phase equilibrium equations. * Actually, there is no mass transfer at equilibrium state. Therefore, the concept of plate efficiency is used to revise this theoretical idea. Notes The number of plates in tower starts from the top, and divided by the two tower sections. For rectifying section, from No.1 to No. n； For stripping section, from No. n+1 to No. m. The temperature is the lowest at the top. For plates next each other, we have The concentration of light component is the highest at the tower top. For plates next each other, we have and Distillation on a theoretical plate Plate efficiency single plate, or Murphree efficiency, Em definition similar to the single plate efficiency, but the concentration is defined at a point on the plate, not the average value of the plate. HETP (Height of Equivalent Theoretical Plate) Definition the packing height equivalent to the separation ability of one theoretical plate. Usage for calculation of packing towers Physical meaning show the performance of