C2_TechArch电子商务第二章.pptVIP

Chapter 2 EC Technology Infrastructure Technology Overview Computer networks and the Internet form the basic technology structure for electronic commerce The computers in these networks run such software as: Operating systems, database managers, encryption software, multimedia creation and viewing software, and the graphical user interface The Internet includes: The hardware that connects the computers together and the telecommunications lines that connect the networks together Rapid change in these technologies requires businesses to be flexible Packet-Switched Networks A local area network (LAN) is a network of computers close together A wide area network (WAN) is a network of computers connected over a great distance  Circuits form a single electrical path between origin and destination, ie. telephone communication Single connection model - circuit switching  The Internet uses packet switching Files broken down into packets that are labeled with their origin, sequence, and destination addresses Routing Packets The computers that decide how best to forward each packet in a packet-switched network are called ‘routers’  The programs on these routers use ‘routing algorithms’ that call upon their ‘routing tables’ to determine the best path to send each packet When packets leave a network to travel on the Internet, they are translated into a standard format by the router These major routers and the telecommunication lines connecting them are referred to as ‘the Internet backbone’ ARPANET was the earliest packet-switched network Routing Packets Internet Protocols A protocol is a collection of rules for formatting, ordering, and error-checking data sent across a network The open architecture of this experimental network used Network Control Protocol (NCP) which later became the core of the Internet This open architecture has four key rules that have contributed the success of the Internet Independent networks should not require any internal changes to be