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GPC - Gel Permeation Chromatography GPC Introduction Why is GPC important? How GPC works GPC systems Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) is one of the most powerful and versatile analytical techniques available for understanding and predicting polymer performance. It is the most convenient technique for characterizing the complete molecular weight distribution of a polymer. Waters commercially pioneered GPC in 1963. Since then, Waters has continued to develop and explore new GPC applications and improve the instrumentation that makes GPC so powerful. Why is GPC important? GPC can determine several important parameters. These include number average molecular weight, weight average molecular weight, Z weight average molecular weight, and the most fundamental characteristic of a polymer its molecular weight distribution. These values are important, since they affect many of the characteristic physical properties of a polymer. Subtle batch-to-batch differences in these measurable values can cause significant differences in the end-use properties of a polymer. Some of these properties include: ? Tensile strength Adhesive strenth ? Elastomer relaxation time松弛时间 Cure time固化时间 ? Brittleness脆性 Elastic modules弹性模量 ? Flex life韧性 Melt viscosity融融粘度 ? Impact strength冲击强度 Hardness ? Toughness Softening temperature ? Drawability Tear Strength ? Adhesive tack Stress-crack resistance ? ? Coefficient of friction Materials characterization Understanding the make up of a polymer is particularly important due to the variety of resins available for the same purpose, the high cost of specialty resins or compounds, and the value added to the polymer during manufacturing. For example, the cost of a resin used in a printed circuit board is very low, but the cost of the finished board is very high. Poor quality resin can result in an unacceptable finished circuit board. Where a polymers end-use application requires precision performance or endurance under harsh conditions, the