莎翁的最后稿子.docVIP

Opera is the most ancient form of theater that still flourishes in China today. It combines acting, singing, poetry, dialogue and acrobatics . The origins of Chinese theatre go far back into history. Most elements of voice, instrumentation , dancing and acrobatics existed during the Han Dynasty. However, the operatic forms began to be perfected during the 12th century. Beijing Opera commands the largest following in China and is also the best-known form of Chinese opera abroad. During the mid-Qing Dynasty in the 17th and 18th centuries, Kunqu Opera , characterized by soft singing and minimal orchestral accompaniment, such as the clapper or drum and a bamboo flute, rose to the status of national opera even in Beijing. In addition, Qinqiang Opera and Gaoqiang Melodic Form , a high-pitched singing style, were popular in Beijing. In 1779, on the occasion of Emperor Qianlong’s 17th birthday, throngs of artists arrived in Beijing to give performances; and among these people were four Huiban Opera Troupes from Anhui. After their performances at the Qing court, the troupes stayed in Beijing and continued to perform their plays. Some accomplished dramatists made innovations in the Huiban opera there. Their music was based on the Erhuang melodic tradition of Anhui Opera and the Xipi tradition of Hubei Opera . It also incorporated some of the repertoire, tunes and music accompaniment o Qinqiang Opera and folk music. These joint operatic forms developed during a twenty-year period to become a new form of opera with distinctive features, and it came to be called Beijing Opera during the reign of Emperor Xianfeng . William Shakespeare (born 26 April 1564; died 23 April 1616) was an English poet and playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the worlds pre-eminent dramatist, He is often called Englands national poet and the Bard of Avon. His surviving works, including some collaborations, consist of about 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two