不同化学物质处理对农作物发芽和生长的影响研究.pdf

不同化学物质处理对农作物发芽和生长的影响 * 杨芬芬，孟洪，李春喜，王子镐 北京化工大学化学工程学院，北京 100029 摘要：用[BMIM]Cl,[EMIM]Br,[EMIM][DEP],[MMIM][DMP]和[EMIM][ES]不同浓度的溶液浸泡处理白菜，玉米和黄瓜种子。结 果表明：就种子发芽这一生态毒理指标而言，不同作物对离子液体毒性的敏感程度不同，其次序为黄瓜玉米白菜；在一定 浓度下，离子液体对白菜、黄瓜和玉米均具有一定的毒害作用；对于所考察的五种离子液体，阴离子为卤素的[EMIM]Br 和 [BMIM]Cl对植物发芽和生长的抑制作用远大于阴离子为烷基硫酸酯和烷基磷酸酯的同类离子液体 [EMIM][ES] 、[EMIM][DEP] 和[MMIM][DMP]。这种毒性顺序可能与卤素离子对细胞膜较强的穿透能力和由于离子液体的稳定性所造成的阴阳“离子对” 的共迁移有关。 关键词： 离子液体； 生态毒性； 种子发芽； 根伸长； 抑制效应 中图分类号 文献标识码 A 文章编号 Ecotoxicity of ionic liquids on the germination and growth of three seeds ＊ YANG Fenfen, MENG Hong, LI Chunxi , WANG Zihao College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029 China Abstract: The seeds cabbage, cucumber and corn were treated with [BMIM]Cl, [EMIM]Br, [EMIM][DEP], [MMIM][DMP] and [EMIM][ES] at various concentrations, respectively. The results indicate that different seeds have different reaction to the ILs in terms of eco-toxicity of seed germination, and their reaction follows the order of cucumber corn cabbage. In addition, all ILs at definite concentrations show some toxicity to cabbage, cucumber and corn seeds, and the ILs with halide anion, viz. [EMIM]Br and [BMIM]Cl, exhibit stronger restraining effect than the same series ILs but with anions of alkylsulfate or dialkylphosphate, i.e. [EMIM][ES], [EMIM][DEP] and [MMIM][DMP]. The higher toxicity of the imidazolium halide ILs may be relevant to its stronger permeability through the cell membrane due to their smaller size in comparison with the complicated