T-test精选.pptVIP

Compare means: t-test 张菡 20114004032 Compare means(均值比较) You need to compare two or more means (average) in your study. the statistical procedures in SPSS for this purpose are called “Compare means”. t-tests (T检验) One-way ANOVA(i.e. one-way analysis of variance)（单因素方差分析） Independent-samples t-test (独立样本t检验) Paired-sample t-test (配对样本t检验) t-tests The t-test assesses whether the means （平均数）of two groups are statistically and significantly different from each other. This analysis is appropriate whenever you want to compare the means of two groups, and especially appropriate as the analysis for the posttest-only two-group randomized experimental design. Independent-samples t-test (独立样本t检验) The Independent Samples t-test can be used to see if two means are different from each other when the two samples that the means are based on were taken from different individuals who have not been matched. 两组样本相互独立，实际上只需分别对两组样本进行t检验。 例如：抽取服用过减肥药的人的一组样本和 没有服用过减肥药的人构成一组样本。 Paired-samples t-test (配对样本t检验) When two samples are involved and the values for each sample are collected from the same individuals (that is, each individual gives us two values, one for each of the two groups), or the samples come from matched pairs of individuals then a paired-samples t-test may be an appropriate statistic to use. 例如：抽取服用过减肥药前的人的一组样本和服用过减肥药后的人构成的一组样本 SD (standard deviation) standard deviation (represented by the symbol sigma, σ) shows how much variation exists from the average (mean, or expected value). A low standard deviation indicates that the data points tend to be very close to the mean; high standard deviation indicates that the data points are spread out over a large range of values. 标准差（Standard Deviation） ，也称均方差（mean square error），是各数据偏离平均数的距离的平均数，它是离均差平方和平均后的方根，用σ表示。标准差是方差的算术平方根。标准差能反映一个数据集的离散程度。平均数相同的，标准差未必相同。 　 标准差应用于投资上，可作为量度回报稳定性的指标。标准差数值越大，代表回报远离过去平均数值，回报较不稳定故风险越高。相反，标准差数值越细，代表回报较为稳定，风险亦较小。 　　例如，A、B两组各有6位学生参加同一次语文测验，A组的分数为95、85、