韜光養晦 的 中世紀.ppt

韜光養晦 的 中世紀The Middle Ages (The Medieval Times)with Hidden Rays 董崇選 中山醫大應用外語系教授 「懂更懂 學習英文網站」負責人 網址：dgdel.nchu.edu.tw I. 中世紀的期間： 476-1453 : 西、東羅馬滅亡之間的一千年 公元 五世紀 至 十五世紀 之間的一千年 The Dark Ages (前五百年) + The Middle Ages (後五百年) 在 The Middle Ages 一千年中 前七百年為 The Dark Ages II. 中世紀的社會： 1. Feudalism or Feudal System (封建制度)： Dominant from 9th to 14th C. Feudal lords, vassals, serfs (封建領主) (臣僕) (奴人) Inheritable fiefs (封地、釆邑) II. 中世紀的社會： The Church the Kings: Alliance Struggle between them The Carolingians ( 查理曼王朝) Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne  Emperor of the West in 800 II. 中世紀的社會： 3. Classical Learning Ignored: Ecclesiastical (宗教的) libraries Compendiums (概要) of knowledge written in monasteries (寺廟) Universities began as colleges of theology (神學) divinity (神). Patristic (神父的) writings: Fathers of the Church III. 中世紀的明星： 1. St. Augustin (354-430): Confessions (399): 《懺悔錄》 conversion to Christianity (改信基督教) The City of God (c. 420): 《天神城邦》 the City of God vs. the Earthly City 2. Boethius (480-525):《哲學的慰藉》 The Consolation of Philosophy (525) An allegorical dialogue in 5 books Philosophy, Fortune, evil, free will III. 中世紀的明星： 3. Dante Alighieri (但丁，1265-1321): Vita Nuova (The New Life):《新生活》 The Divine Comedy (c. 1307-1321):《神曲》 An allegory of a human soul’s journey through hell and purgatory and on to heaven led by Reason (Virgil) and Theology (Beatrice). Symbols with multiple meanings (3, 7, 9, 10, 100) Three books: Inferno (33 + 1 cantos), Purgatory (33 cantos), Paradise (33 cantos) 〈地獄篇〉〈煉獄篇〉〈天堂篇〉 Epic of the Middle Ages: written in the dialect of Tuscan Preparation for the life after death 4. Chaucer (喬塞，1343?-1400): – Canterbury Tales 《坎特伯里故事集》 IV. 發展中的文類： 1. Epic and Saga: 史詩 與 英勇故事 Bards (詩人) Minstrels (遊吟詩人): scops, scalds, troubadours, jongleurs, etc. a. Beowulf (Anglo-Saxon)：《貝奧武夫》 b. The Volsungasaga (Scandinavian): Sigurd Brynhild