自动化英语翻译___重庆大学-王军.docVIP

Transistor [tr?n′zist?]:[电子]晶体管 Bipolar [bai′p?ul?]:有两极的, 双极的 Polarity [p?u′l?riti]:极性 Negative [′neg?tiv]:负的, 阴性的 semiconductor[′semik?n′dΛkt?]:半导体 crystal[′kristl]:结晶，晶体，晶粒 symbol [′simb?l]:符号, 记号, 象征 emitter [i′mit?]:发射极 collector[k?′lect?]:集电极 formula [′f?:mjul?]:公式, 规则, 客套语 reverse[ri′v?:s]:相反的, 倒转的, 颠倒的 biased[`bai?st ]:结果偏倚的, [数]有偏的 Each type of transistor has different characteristics and operational conditions that are used to distinguish it from others. 每种晶体管都有区别于其它种类的特征和工作环境。 In the first part of this discussion, we are concerned with the bipolar junction transistor. Structurally, this transistor is described as bipolar because it has two different current-carrier polarities. 首先探讨双极型晶体管。从结构上看，这种晶体管被称为双极是因为它具有两种不同的电流载流子电极。 Holes are positive current carriers, whereas electrons are negative current carriers. 空穴是正的载流子，电子是负的电流载流子。 Two distinct kinds of semiconductor crystals are connected together by a common element. 两种截然不同的半导体晶体通过公共元件连接在一起。 The structure of this device is similar to that of two diodes connected back to back, with one crystal being common to both junctions. The center material is usually made thinner than the two outside pieces. 该器件的结构类似于背靠背连接的两个二极管的结构，一个晶体同时属于两个结。其中间的材料通常比两个外边的作得窄些。 In the operation of a single PN diode junction, forward biasing causes conduction and reverse biasing causes nonconduction. 单个PN二结的工作情况是：正向偏置促使其导通，反向偏置导致其截止。 In a transistor, this rule does not apply directly because two junctions are involved. 因为晶体管包含两个结，该规则不能直接应用 For example, when the emitter-base junction is forward biased, it causes a large amount of IE to enter the base region. 例如，其发射-基极处于正向偏置时，它会促使大量的IE 进入基区。 Reverse biasing of the base-collector junction would ordinarily restrict this current. 而基-集电极的反向偏置会限制该电流。 But due to the thin base structure, IE will immediately enter into the collector current IC or output current. 但因基区窄，IE会很快进入集极电流IC或输出电流. Forward biasing of the emitter-base junction therefore alters or reduce