南京大学2017年生物化学二642真题.docVIP

南京大学2017年生物化学二642真题 蛋白质有哪些结构层次？阐述这些结构层次并说出维持每层结构的主要作用力（15分） 写出A型、B型、Z型DNA的主要特点及其之间的差异（15分） 某些植物的次生代谢物—羟基柠檬酸被用做减肥药物 （20分） 这种化合物能够抑制柠檬酸裂合酶的活性，你认为抑制属于哪一种形式？ 为什么柠檬酸裂合酶活性的抑制能够阻止糖转变为脂肪？ 你认为在体内还有哪些化合物的合成受到羟基柠檬酸的抑制？为什么？ 写出三种碱性氨基酸、两种酸性氨基酸以及两种羟基氨基酸的结构式（20分） 试写出琼脂糖凝胶电泳与SDS的原理及差异（20分） 请阐述张峰（麻省理工大学）和韩春雨（河北科技大学）的主要工作。(20分) 总共8题，还有两题记不得了 生化与分子专业复试题目 写出一种生物学/药学方面的新技术，阐述其原理及应用（100分） 英文文献翻译（50分） The drug-resistant bacteria that pose the greatest health threats The World Health Organization (WHO) has for the first time released a list of drug-resistant bacteria that pose the greatest?threat to human health?— and for which new antibiotics are desperately needed. The agencys aim in listing these priority pathogens is to steer funds towards development of the most crucial antimicrobials. Researchers say the list is a useful reminder of the danger of bacteria that are becoming?resistant to antibiotics. The list ranks 12 bacteria or bacterial families and is topped by carbapenem-resistant?Acinetobacter baumannii. This obscure bacterium causes a severe infection for which almost no treatments exist, and mainly affects people who are already critically ill. (It is resistant to carbapenem antibiotics, a‘last resort’ antibiotic?used only when all other treatments have failed.) The ranking also includes well-known bacteria, such as those that cause pneumonia and gonorrhoea (see Threat list). Antibiotic resistance kills an estimated 700,000 people each year worldwide, and some experts predict that number to reach 10 million by 2050 if efforts are not made to?curtail resistance?or develop new antibiotics. Despite an urgent need for these drugs, the once-robust development pipeline for antibiotics now produces little more than a trickle of compounds. As of September 2016, about 40?new antibiotics?were in clinical development for the US market, compared with hundreds of cancer drugs. Many pharmaceutical companies see antibiotics as a losing proposition. “Most infections are still sensitive to