X射线特征谱线.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Notation: This x-ray line nomenclature using Greek letters is known as Siegbahn notation. Another system is shown on the next slide. If one’s text editor does not allow Greek letters or the typist is in a hurry Kα becomes Ka. Optical character recognition software may convert α into a. Intensity of Ka is the sum of the intensities of Ka1 and Ka2, after subtracting off the Bremsstrahlung background. Ka1 and Ka2 are close to each other in energy and often unresolved. Wavelength of Ka is the weighted average of Ka1 and Ka2. Ka1 is twice as intense as Ka2 so it’s weighted twice as much in that average. To be entirely proper, subscripts should be used. For example: Ka1 should be Kα1 . Goldstein et al, Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-ray Microanalysis X-rays and their corresponding electronic transitions are named one of two ways: Siegbahn notation using Greek letters or equivalent energy level notation per IUPAC: Kα1, Kβ3, Lβ1 etc. KLIII, KMII, LIIMIV (Dickerson, Chemical Principles) Shell Quantum numbers n, l, m, s corresponding to shells K, L, M, N Certain transitions are “forbidden” by quantum mechanics rules, because the x-ray photon has angular momentum 1 and because angular momentum must be conserved during the transition. For example, the transition from (nlm) equal (200) to (100) is forbidden. Shell Based on the formula in the preceding slide, EKa = hν = En=1 – En=2 = constant * Z2 (1 - ?) or √ν = 4.97x107 Z / sec-1/2 which is rather similar to Moseley’s Law from three slides earlier √ν ≈ 5 x107 (Z-1) / sec-1/2 Not all electronic transitions are possible. Permissible ones are specified by the quantum selection rules below. Magnetic quantum number m has no effect, except in a magnetic field. The change in?n?must be ≥ 1 (Δn ≠ 0) The change in?l?can only be ±1 The change in?j?can only be?±1 or 0 Exam