勘查学讲稿Explorationgeology.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * DATA VERTIFICATION “All analytical measurements are wrong: it’s just a question of how large the errors are, and whether they are acceptable” (Thompson, 1989). DEFINTIONS Precision -- the degree of agreement among repeated measurements of the same characteristic. Precision is monitored by multiple analyses of many sample duplicates and internal standards. Accuracy -- measures how close your results are to a true or expected value and can be determined by comparing your analysis of a standard or reference sample to its actual value. Analyzing certified standards as unknown samples and comparing with known certified values monitors accuracy. Completeness -- the comparison between the amount of valid, or usable, data you originally planned to collect, versus how much you collected. Comparability -- the extent to which data can be compared between sample locations or periods of time within a project, or between projects. The difference between precision and accuracy QUALITY CONTROL/QUALITY ASSURRANCE QC is referred to a program designed to detect and measure the error associated with a measurement process. QC is the program that ensures that the data are acceptable. QA is the program designed to verify the acceptability of the data using the data obtained from the QC program. QA provides the assurance that the data meets certain quality requirements with a specified level of confidence. QUALITY CONTROL/QUALITY ASSURRANCE What is the purpose of your project? What do you need the analyses for and how accurate should they be? Where are the results going to be released or published? What is the mineralogy? What are appropriate certified standards (may need to develop lab standards)? What are the detection limits (both upper and lower)? Analytical errors vary from element to element, for different ranges of