7英语学术论文实用写作-第七章.pptVIP

* * 对于初学者来说，提纲是撰写科研论文非常重要的步骤。提纲确定了，说明文章的思路和结构确定了。对于有经验的研究者来说，在下笔之前必定先理清文章的思路，构思好文章的大致结构，这就是提纲，只是没有用书面的方式表达出来。为什么可以这样呢？因为有经验的研究者读的文献多，积累了很多成型的结构模板，可以比较轻松地调用或设计一篇文章的框架；与此不同，初学者对于自己学科领域的知识不成系统，对于各类文章的结构类型不熟悉，构思的难度就较大，没有外来的帮助，靠自己的努力难以理顺思路，这时候就必须撰写书面的提纲去征询导师的意见。导师的作用就是提意见，修正提纲最能体现导师的价值。 本节以作者的博士论文提纲为例进行分析，题目为Reference Resolution in the Perspective of Cognitive Linguistics: Researches on the Referential and Anaphoric Uses of Definite NPs，对应的中文标题是“指称问题的认知解读：限定名词词组的前指与外指用法研究 ”。 全文提纲如下： Chapter 1 What Are Definite NPs 1.1. Brief Introduction 1.2. Definiteness versus Indefiniteness 1.3. What Are Definite NPs 1.4. Uniqueness of Definite NPs 1.5. Familiarity and Identifiability of Definite NPs Chapter 2 Reference versus Anaphora 2.1. Brief Introduction 2.2. Reference versus Anaphora: Traditional Approaches to Definite NPs 2.2.1. Quirk et al’s Classification of Uses of Definite NPs 2.2.2. Referential Versus Anaphoric Uses of Definite NPs 2.3. Typologies of Anaphora 2.4. Typologies of Reference Chapter 3. Referential Use of Definite NPs and Its Cognitive Resolution 3.1. Brief Introduction 3.2.What Is Mental Space Theory 3.2.1. The Cognitive Nature of Mental Space Theory 3.2.2. Some Basic Concepts 3.3. Figurative Referring Expressions and Their Cognitive Resolution 3.3.1. Metaphors as Referring Expressions and their Interpretation in the Perspective of Mental Space Theory 3.3.2. Metonymy and Synecdoche as Referring Expressions and their Interpretation in the Perspective of Mental Space Theory 3.3.3. An ICM Approach to Metonymy and Synecdoche 3.4. Sporadic Reference and Its Cognitive Resolution 3.4.1. Sporadic Reference Viewed from the Mental Space Theory 3.4.2. Sporadic Reference and Other Uses Viewed from the Ground Theory 3.5. Referential Transparency versus Opacity and Their Cognitive Resolution 3.5.1. Definitions of Referential Transparency and Referential Opac