显微构造地质学 microstructure 中英双语复习资料.docx

显微构造复习资料1.Elastic displacement creates a differential stress increase at the tip of the fracture that depends on fracture length, applied bulk stress, elastic properties of the material and resistance to breaking atomic bonds at the crack tip, known as fracture toughness. Displacement on a microfracture can lead to fracture propagation if a certain critical differential stress is reached, in extension, sliding or tearing mode.2.Intragranular晶内: occur within a single grain, most commonly along a mineral cleavage plane, and form where the fracture strength of the grain is less than that of grain boundaries. Intergranular晶间: exploit grain boundaries, propagating around rather than through grains; they indicate that the grain boundaries were easier to “crack” than the adjacent grains.Transgranular穿晶: cut across adjacent grains and their mutual grain boundaries. Several conditions favor transgranular microcracking, including strong grain boundaries and similar orientations of cleavage in neighboring grains 3.碎裂Cataclasis: is the pervasive brittle fracturing and granulation of rocks, generally along faults and fault zones. It produces an aggregate of highly fractured grains and rock fragments in a matrix of even smaller, crushed grains . Once formed, such crushed aggregates are able to flow by repeated fracturing, frictional sliding, and rigid-body rotation of grains and fragments, a process termed cataclastic flow. Cataclastic rocks are characterized by pervasive cracks and generally sharp, angular grains and fragments. Often similar at all scale of observation.Cataclasite fabric: angular fragments of all sizes, some transecting grain boundaries, are embedded in a fine-grained matrix. Many larger fragments are crossed by healed fractures, aligned with fluid- and solid inclusions. Recrystallised fabric of small new grains that grew at the expense of old grains. The new grains show little variety in grain size.4.Dissolution-Precipitation溶解-沉淀In rocks that contain an integr