副语言特征精选.pptVIP

1.Definition of paralinguistic features? 狭义的“副语言”指有声现象，如说话时气喘，嗓子沙哑，咯咯地笑，手语，鼻音，某个字音拉得很长，压低嗓音，结巴说话不连贯等等。 广义的“副语言”指无声而有形的现象，即与话语同时或单独使用的手势、身势、面部表情、对话时的位置和距离等等，这些也能表示某种意义，一般有配合语言加强表达 2.副语言特征（paralinguistic features） Intonation (音调） 语调是指说话时声音音调(Pitch)变化所造成的旋律模式。常用的语调有升、降、升降、降升调等。 “My husband and I find strong smoke offensive.Would you kindly put that out.” ------the Duchess “Well now,I’ll spell it out.” ------Ogilvie Her tone would have withered anyone who knew her well.“You unspeakable blackguard!How dare you!” ------the Duchess  重音就是在念一个音节时发音器官各部分所用的力气强度。一个单词有重读音节，一个句子有重读的单词。 “In what conceivable way does our car concern you” -------the Duchess “I mean out o’ the south “ -------the Duchess  音高是指声音的高低，由声带振动的频率决定。低音往往与慢速相伴，高音与快速相伴。 低音往往与尊严、权威相伴，而高音使人想起争执不快唠叨罗嗦。 “I told you –cut it out ” the words spat forth with sudden savagery ,all pretense of blandness gone . ------- Ogilvie “oh my God !”A hand to her face ,the Duchess turned away . -----the Duckess  语速是指说话速度的快慢，测定单位是音节/秒。 低音往往与慢速相伴，高音与快速相伴。有意识地使用音高和语速可以产生特定的感情色彩。 As Ogilvie glanced ,grinning ,at the Duchess ,the Duck said sharply , “Get on with it” --------- the Duchess “That’s interesting,”The duck said,as if speaking of something unconnected with himself. ----------the Duck 体态语包括手势语(gesture)和身势语(posture)。说话人总是下意识地使用各种体态语，以明确自己的观点，增强表达的力度。体态语可以诱发听话人对话语深层含义的推导。 He made an attempt to square his shoulders which did not succed. ------the Duck Wearily,in a gesture of surrender,the Duchess of Croydon sank back into her chair.Clasping her hands to canceal their trembling .