日本成功的背后PPT.pptVIP

 Behind Japans success ——Defining rules for managing in a pluralist society BY:Peter F.Drucker To many business people and public officials in the West, the postwar success of the Japanese economy is both an impressive and a puzzling achievement. In this article, Peter F.Drucker , long recognized as an authority on Japanese business, takes pointed issue with this familiar myth. Directories Take competitiveness seriously Put national interest first Know how to sit Seek no final victories Ideals realities Better than the best Specific contents Take competitiveness seriously One of these habits is to consider thoroughly a proposed policy’s impact on the productivity of Japanese industry ,on Japan’s competitive strength in the world market ,and on Japan’s balance of payments and trade. The automobile industry 二战之后日本经济发展的原动力，当首推汽车工业。日本之所以能完成现代化，成为世界上首屈一指的经济大国，离不开汽车工业的发展，尤其在战后，日本国内几乎成为一片废墟，但是日本却以汽车工业为主导，发展多领域的行业，从而带动了整个国民经济的发展。汽车工业的迅速发展大大提高了日本的综合国力，增强了日本的竞争力，使得日本战后的经济得到恢复与发展。 Put national interest first Estimating the impact of various policy alternatives on Japan’s competitive position in the world economy is only one of the habits of behavior expected of Japanese leaders. The basis of leadership 在战后日本，利益集团逐渐成为影响决策过程的政治主体，尽管它并非是正式的决策成员，但由利益集团、有关省厅及国会议员构成的“次级政府”却支配了特定领域的政策制定及其实施过程。战前的日本追求狭隘的国家利益，侵略亚洲国家，发动太平洋战争，不仅使他国，也使自己也蒙受了严重的损失和牺牲。本着反省原则，战后的日本一贯保持与国际社会的协调，努力推进实现自己的国家利益。 Seek no final victories The last of these habits of Japanese economic behaviour is to base human interactions nor solely on adversarial relations but also on common interest and mutual trust. 一个人通常不可能跟竞争对手亲密的生活或工作，因此，在同一领域公司集团之间的竞争也越来越残酷。例如，索尼和松下之间，三井银行和富士银行之间。但是无论何时，日本人倾向于寻找共同点。所有的政党都密切关注共同利益有没有受到损害。个人或组织为了生存和工作也追求着无止境的胜利。日本人知道想在这样的战争中获得胜利就意味着失去和平。成功是无止境的，各利益集团为了追求永无止境的胜利，斗争越来越激烈。毫无疑问，这些都推动着日本经济的快速发展。 Ideals realities These four habits, or rules , of competitive succe