机械CA6140车床主轴的加工工艺以及夹具设计.doc

摘 要 在机械领域中，车床是应用最为广泛、使用最为频繁的一种机床，特别是车床，它的应用非常的普遍。所以它的加工精度就极其的重要，工件能否达到加工要求就取决于车床本身的精度，而决定车床加工质量的就是它的主轴。车床主轴是把旋转运动及扭矩通过主轴端部的夹具传递给工件和刀具，要求有很高的强度及回转精度。 车床主轴设计为空心阶梯轴，外圆表面设有花键、垫键等功能槽及螺纹。此论文详细计算了加工余量、切削用量、尺寸公差并阐述了主轴的加工工艺过程以及生产中所涉及的重要夹具设计方法。经设计的主轴较其传统的车床主轴有更高的强度和回转精度。 关键词 车床，主轴，加工工艺，夹具  ABSTRACT In machinery field, the lather is the most extensively and frequently used machine. Easpecially the CA6140 lather, its application is very widespread. So its processing accuracy is very important. Whether the work piece can reach the accuracy required is decided by the lather. While, the part deciding the processing quality of CA6140 lather is its mainshaft. The mainshaft of the CA6140 lather is to transmit the rovolve motion and the torque to the workpiece and cutting-tool through the fixture on the end of mainshaft, in which high strengh and rotating accuracy are required. In this design, my job contains the things as below. Mainshaft is a hollow stepped shaft. There are functional slots and thread, such as spline, pad key and so on. In the paper, allowance, cutting consumption and tolerance are calculated. Also elaborates the craft processes of the mainshaft of CA6140 lather, and the design of important fixture. After being designed, compared with traditional lather, the strength and rotating accuracy are enhanced. Key words Lather，Mainshaft，Processing technic，Fixture  目 录 摘 要 I ABSTRACT II 1 零件的分析 1 1.1 零件的作用 1 1.2 零件的工艺分析 1 1.2.1 主轴的主要技术要求 1 1.2.2 加工阶段的划分 1 1.2.3 工序顺序安排 2 2 工艺规程的设计 3 2.1 毛坯的制造形式 3 2.2 基准的选择 3 2.3 主要加工表面工序安排 4 2.4 制定工艺路线 5 2.5 机械加工余量、工序尺寸及毛坯尺寸的确定 7 2.5.1 毛坯的制造分析 7 2.5.2 确定各加工表面的加工余量、工序尺寸及毛坯尺寸 7 2.6 确定切削用量及基本工时 9 3 磨床夹具设计 38 3.1 问题的提出 38 3.2 夹具设计 38 3.2.1 定位分析 38 3.2.2 定位基准的选择 38 3.2.3 选择定位元件 38 3.2.4 磨削力的计算 38 3.2.5 定位误差的分析 39 3.2.6 夹紧装置及夹具体设计 39 4 钻床夹具设计 41 4.1 钻床夹具的作用及类型 41 4.1.1 钻床夹具的作用 41 4.1.2 钻床夹具的类型 41 4.2 夹具设计 41 4.2.1 问题的提出 41 4.2.2 定位分析 42