园艺科学 第7章 Horticultural Science Chapter7.ppt

Advantages of Apomixis assured reproduction in the absence of pollinators, such as in extreme environments maternal energy not wasted in unfit offspring (cost of meiosis) some apomictic plants (but not all) avoid the male energy cost of producing pollen Disadvantages of Apomixis cant control accumulation of deleterious genetic mutations usually restricted to narrow ecological niches lack ability to adapt to changing environments This example is a blackberry, Rubus, which is apomictic. Apomixis Comparison of sexual reproduction and apomictic reproduction Horticultural Science YAO Qing BILINGUAL COURSE Contents Introduction to Horticulture (2h) Classification of Horticultural Crops (4h) Anatomy of Horticultural Crops (6h) Growth Environment of Horticultural Crops (6h) Plant Physiology of Horticultural Crops (4h) Propagation of Horticultural Crops (2h) Mineral Nutrients and Fertilization of Horticultural Crops (4h) Organic Horticultural Practice (4h) Propagation of Horticultural Crops Epigeous germination 地表萌发 Pollination 授粉 Seed longevity 种子寿命 Hypogeous germination 地下萌发 Fertilization 受精 Seed viability 种子活力 Transplanting shock 移植休克 Apomixis 无融合生殖 Seed dormancy 种子休眠 Budding 芽接 Callus 愈伤组织 Grafting 嫁接 Clone 克隆 Graft compatibility 嫁接亲和力 Rootstock 砧木 Scion 接穗 Hardwood cutting 硬枝扦插 Leaf cutting 叶片扦插 Layering 压条 Explant 外植体 Girdling 环剥 Air layering 空中压条 Topgrafting 高空嫁接 Mcropropagation 微繁殖 Offshoot 分株 Somaclonal variation 体胚无性变异 Protoplast fusion 原生质体融合 Sexual propagation Seed formation Seed germination and emergence Seeding and seed nursery activities Transplanting Asexual propagation Advantages and disadvantages Cutting Budding Grafting Layering Micropropagation Sexual propagation Seed formation Nursery Transplanting Peat pots Mechanical transplanting Asexual propagation Cutting Materials: Stem, leaf, root Cutting preparation and treatment Leaf cuttings are inserted into a soilless mixture to where the stem i