某型挖掘机大臂的结构优化设计.doc

2016 届本科毕业设计 课题名称： 某型挖掘机大臂的结构优化设计 专 业： 机械设计制造及其自动化 姓 名： 学 号： 指导教师： 机械与电气工程学院 2016 年 6 月 8日摘 要 挖掘机大臂（其术语称作动臂）是工作装置中的主要承力部件，动臂的设计优劣对挖掘机工作效率及使用寿命影响极大。挖掘机工作过程中，动臂由于会受到复杂的瞬态冲击载荷，使造成其结构出现变形、裂纹等，而动臂所要求满足的强度、刚度对于挖掘机能否正常工作有着重大影响。对动臂进行优化设计，分析动臂在工作过程中承载时的应力、应变水平和刚度、强度分布情况，发现其薄弱环节应减少应力集中，对于过剩部分可以减轻重量。能够提高挖掘机动臂的性能及使用寿命。对于改进动臂的结构具有十分重要的作用。 本文通过对挖掘机的市场需求和技术现状的了解，提出了提高挖掘机产品质量的重要性与意义。针对挖掘机动臂设计存在的问题，进行优化。 本课题研究的对象为挖掘机动臂。首先用Pro-E对挖掘机动臂进行三维建模，其次对其进行数学建模，最后利用HyperWorks的OptiStruct对挖掘机动臂进行拓扑优化，HyperMesh可以在任意工作领域与Pro-E进行无缝连接工作，提高了有限元分析的精度。为挖掘机动臂的设计提供一定的理论支持。 关键词：挖掘机动臂；三维建模；优化设计；有限元分析 Abstract Excavator boom (which term referred to the boom) is working equipment load-bearing parts, excavator boom design merits of efficiency and service life of a great impact. Excavator working process, the boom will be complicated due to the transient impact load, so that its structure causing deformation, cracks, etc., and the boom required to meet the strength and stiffness for the excavator can work properly has a significant impact. To optimize the design of the boom, boom bearing stress analysis in the course of their work time, the level of strain and stiffness, intensity distribution, find its weaknesses should reduce stress concentration, the excess portion may reduce weight. Can improve the performance and service life of the excavator boom. To improve the structure of the boom has a very important role. Based on the market demand and the state of the art understanding of excavators, excavator proposed to improve product quality, importance and significance. For the excavator boom design problems to be optimized. The object of the research for the excavator boom. First with Pro-E excavator boom for three-dimensional modeling, followed by its mathematical modeling, and finally the use of HyperWorks OptiStruct excavator boom topology optimization, HyperMesh can work seamlessly in any field and Pro-E connection work to improve the accuracy of the finite element analysis. It provi