不同溶剂提取菠菜色素的研究.doc

攀枝花学院本科毕业设计（论文） 不同溶剂提取菠菜色素的研究 学生姓名： 学生学号： 院（系）： 生物与化学工程学院 年级专业： 03级生物工程 指导教师： 助理指导教师： 二〇〇七年六月 摘 要 菠菜叶中含有叶绿素，叶黄素，胡萝卜素等多种色素，是健康营养的天然色素。色素可以用来作各种食品或者化妆品的添加剂以使其色彩鲜艳诱人。而色素有天然的和合成的。由于使用最多的合成色素的致癌作用已被人们逐渐熟知和重视，天然色素成为了人们更好的选择且需求量越来越大。但是从新鲜植物中提取天然色素比较困难，存在提取时间长，劳动强度大，生产的色素纯度较差等缺点，因此还需继续研究找出提高生产质量的方法。 选出提取菠菜色素的最佳溶剂可以有助于提取效果的提高。实验用乙醇，正己烷，丙酮和甲醇做溶剂，以温度、pH值、溶剂量三个因素来做三因素三水平的正交设计。根据各种溶剂做正交试验测量的提取液的吸光度值大小，确定最佳溶剂和最佳参数。以乙醇作提取溶剂时，最佳参数是30ml 乙醇，温度为45℃，pH为6；以正己烷作溶剂时，最佳参数是45ml 正己烷，温度为45℃，pH为8；以甲醇作溶剂时，最佳参数是30ml甲醇，温度为35℃，pH为8；以丙酮为溶剂时，最佳参数是30ml丙酮，温度为45℃，pH为8。最后通过比较四种溶剂提取得到的吸光度值，知丙酮提取时吸光度最大，所以得出丙酮是提取菠菜色素的最佳溶剂。 关键词 菠菜色素，乙醇，正己烷，甲醇，丙酮  ABSTRACT Spinach leaves contain chlorophyll, lutein, beta-carotene and so on, these pigments are healthy nutrition natural pigments. Pigments can be used to be additives of various foods or cosmetics in order to make them colorful and attractive. And the pigment divides into two kinds, natural and synthetic. As the carcinogenic effect of the widely used synthetic pigment has been gradually known and highly regarded, Natural pigments become a better choices of people and the demand of them is increasing. But extract natural pigments from the fresh plant is more difficult, it needs a long time to extract and has a large labor intensity, and the pigments produced has shortcomings such as poor purity, so we need to continue research to identify new methods to improve production quality. Select the best spinach pigment extract solvent can contribute to improve the effect of extraction. Experiment use ethanol, n-hexane, acetone and methanol as solvent, make temperature, pH, solvent volume as three factors to do three levels and three factors’ orthogonal design. According to the measured absorbance value of various solvents in orthogonal test, we can determine the best solvent and the best parameters. When Ethanol is the extract solvent, the best parameter is 30 ml of ethanol, a temperature of 45℃, and pH is